A p value is the mathematical probability that a relationship between variables within a research sample could have been produced by:
A) unethical research methods.
B) sampling error.
C) sampling bias.
D) some other variable or variables.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

A p value is the probability of obtaining the observed results of a statistical hypothesis test, assuming that the null hypothesis is true. It tells us the likelihood of the observed results happening by chance alone. Therefore, the p value is related to sampling error, which refers to the natural variation that occurs when a sample is selected from a larger population. The lower the p value, the less likely it is that the observed relationship is due to chance, and the more confident we can be that the relationship is real. However, the p value does not have anything to do with unethical research methods, sampling bias, or other variables.

A P Value Is the Mathematical Probability That a Relationship