Question 1

Given what the text presents about temperature and levels of aggression, during which month would you expect to find the highest rate of violent crime in North America?

Accepted Answer

According to the text, higher temperatures have been linked to higher levels of aggression, and July is the month with the highest average temperatures in North America. Therefore, it can be inferred that July would have the highest rate of violent crime.

Question 2

A prison guard has to transport (by bus) four prisoners convicted of violent crimes. Based on information from your text, who would be most likely to cause the guard problems and behave aggressively?

Accepted Answer

Bold Bob is squeezed next to the luggage and is next to the smelly bathroom, which may cause discomfort and irritation. This can lead to aggressive behavior. Rough Robbie and Tough Tony have comfortable seating arrangements and Gunshot George is sleepy, which reduces the chances of aggression.

Question 3

Researchers (Barker, Dembo, & Lewin, 1941) frustrated some children in a study by making them view attractive toys that were kept out of their reach. Based on research presented in the chapter, what is most likely to happen when they did allow the children to play with the toys? They found that these frustrated children were more likely to __________.

Accepted Answer

The research by Barker, Dembo, and Lewin (1941) suggests that frustration, such as being prevented from playing with attractive toys, can lead to aggressive behaviors. Thus, when the children were finally allowed to play with the toys, they were more likely to act aggressively with them.

Question 4

__________ refers to the tendency to aggress when we perceive that our progress is thwarted.

Accepted Answer

Frustration-aggression theory asserts that frustration (i.e. when our progress is thwarted) leads to aggression. This theory suggests that aggression is a natural reaction to frustration, and that the two are directly proportional.

Question 5

Chip and Dale get into a bitter fight over who owes what for their large phone bill. Chip is frustrated that Dale won't see his side of the argument. Which of the following will increase the odds that Chip will resort to physical aggression against Dale? Dale __________.

Accepted Answer

Frustration-aggression hypothesis suggests that aggression is often a result of frustration. Dale pulling out his checkbook but then refusing to write the check would likely increase Chip's frustration, potentially leading to aggression.

Question 6

Researchers (Griffitt & Veitch, 1971) administered tests to students who were randomly assigned to take the test in a room with normal temperature or in a ninety-degree room. After completing the test, students were asked how aggressive they felt, and their hostility toward a stranger was measured. These researchers found that students in the __________ hostile to the stranger.

Accepted Answer

According to the study by Griffitt and Veitch (1971), students who took the test in a ninety-degree room felt more aggressive and expressed more hostility toward a stranger than those who took the test in a room with normal temperature. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Question 7

You are about to leave on vacation and your brother is driving you to the airport. Unfortunately, you get to the airport too late and you find out that your flight has already left. Under which of the following conditions are you most likely to feel aggressive toward your brother and want to scream at him?

Accepted Answer

Missing a flight by a very narrow margin, such as two minutes, is likely to cause more frustration and aggression because it amplifies the feeling that a slight change in behavior (e.g., leaving slightly earlier) could have prevented the situation, leading to heightened emotions and potential aggression towards the brother.

Question 8

Which research findings below provide the soundest evidence that excessive heat causes greater aggression?

Accepted Answer

This research finding directly measures aggression in individuals who are subjected to excessive heat, whereas the other findings only suggest a correlation between heat and aggression.

Question 9

__________ refers to the perception that you (or your group) have less than you were led to expect, or less than similar others have.

Accepted Answer

Relative deprivation refers to the feeling of having less than others who are perceived as being similar or comparable to oneself, which can lead to frustration and dissatisfaction. Absolute deprivation, on the other hand, refers to the lack of basic necessities such as food, shelter, and clothing. Aspirational deprivation refers to the feeling of not having achieved one's desired goals or aspirations, which may or may not be related to the perceived level of others.

Question 10

According to the relationship between frustration and aggression, who is most likely to get into an argument with someone who cuts in line ahead of him or her?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the relationship between frustration and...

Question 11

Kevin is told that if he works for five days at a telemarketing job, he can expect to earn $100 a day on commission alone. When he gets his paycheck at the end of the week, it comes to only about $80 per day. He's very upset even when he finds out that his coworkers all made only about $60 each per day. This is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of relative deprivation, which is the sense of displeasure or unfairness that one experiences when they compare their situation to others who are doing better. Kevin's reaction to his paycheck is influenced by comparing his expectations to the earnings of his coworkers.

Question 12

One problem with using archival data (e.g., existing records of disturbances) to demonstrate that exposure to uncomfortable levels of heat causes people to behave aggressively is that __________.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is C because it highlights a confounding variable: the fact that more people are likely to be outside during warmer weather, which could naturally lead to an increase in disturbances without necessarily indicating a direct link between heat and aggressive behavior. This challenges the assumption that heat directly causes aggression by suggesting an alternative explanation for any observed correlation.

Question 13

Citizens are outraged at an unpopular government policy, and in many parts of the country they have taken to the streets to protest. Results of research on the "long, hot summer" would lead you to predict that in the __________ would be LEAST likely to fill the streets in protest.

Accepted Answer

The "long, hot summer" research suggests that high temperatures can increase aggression and the likelihood of protests. Therefore, protests are least likely in cold conditions, such as winter in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Question 14

Frustration increases the probability of an aggressive response, but does not inevitably lead to such a response . A number of situational factors work to accentuate frustration, further increasing the odds of aggression. For example, frustration is accentuated when we __________.

Accepted Answer

When we are close to our intended goal, the frustration is accentuated because we feel like we are almost there and then it is taken away from us. This can increase the likelihood of an aggressive response. Options B, C, and D may also affect frustration levels, but they are not the most significant factor.

Question 15

__________ occurs when a person is thwarted on the way to an expected goal or gratification.

Accepted Answer

Frustration is the emotional response to being blocked from achieving a goal or fulfilling a desire. It can lead to anger, aggression, or even depression if it persists over time. The other options may be related to frustration, but they are not the primary response to being thwarted in this way.

Question 16

In which of the following situations is frustration LEAST likely to result in aggression?

Accepted Answer

The situation involving the sprained ankle is least likely to result in aggression because it involves a legitimate obstacle that prevents the person from fulfilling their promise. In contrast, the other situations involve annoyances or conflicts that may trigger frustration and aggression.

Question 17

Two children, Jane and Joan, have been eyeing a new water pistol in the local toy store for months. Each is convinced that her parents will buy her the water pistol as soon as summer comes. Yesterday, Jane's parents bought her the water pistol, which turned out to be the last one in the store. As soon as Joan found out, she had a temper tantrum and hit Jane in the stomach. __________ best explains Joan's behavior.

Accepted Answer

The frustration-aggression theory suggests that when people are prevented from reaching a goal, they often become frustrated which can lead to aggression. In this case, Joan was frustrated that she did not get the water pistol she wanted and lashed out aggressively towards Jane.

Question 18

Riots do occur more often on hot days than on cool days. The hotter the day in a number of cities, the more violent crimes occur. These results suggest that discomfort can lead to aggression. However, such results should be interpreted with caution because __________.

Accepted Answer

The statement mentions that the relation between hot days and riots/violent crimes may be due to some third variable, which means the results cannot be conclusively attributed solely to discomfort or heat. Choices A, C, and D are not mentioned in the statement and are therefore incorrect.

Question 19

Kristi has been very frustrated in her search for the perfect apartment that costs next to nothing. According to frustration-aggression theory, what would most likely increase the likelihood that Kristi's frustration will lead to aggressive behavior?

Accepted Answer

According to frustration-aggression theory, frustration is likely to lead to aggressive behavior when the cause of the frustration is perceived as uncontrollable or unexpected. The fact that the perfect apartment burned down, despite Kristi's efforts to find it and put down a deposit, would be perceived as uncontrollable and unexpected, and therefore increase the likelihood of aggressive behavior. Choices A, B, and D do not involve an unexpected or uncontrollable cause of frustration and are less likely to result in aggression.

Question 20

In a classic experiment (Barker, Dembo, & Lewin, 1941) researchers prevented children from playing with attractive toys. Once the children gained access to the toys, they behaved destructively, smashing the toys and throwing them against the wall. These results demonstrate the power of __________ to increase aggression.

Accepted Answer

The experiment demonstrated frustration as the cause of increased aggression. The children were frustrated by being prevented from playing with the attractive toys, and this frustration led to destructive behavior when they finally gained access to them.

Quiz 12: Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It