Question 1

According to Erikson, what is one of the four aspects of identity?

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, one of the four aspects of identity is political, which involves developing a sense of one's place in the larger community and contributing to the common good through social and civic involvement. The other aspects of identity include vocational, sexual, and religious/spiritual.

Question 2

_____ adolescents totally reject the religion in which they have grown up.

Accepted Answer

While it is not uncommon for adolescents to question or struggle with their religious beliefs and practices, the majority do not completely reject the faith they have grown up with. Only a small percentage of adolescents completely turn away from their childhood religion.

Question 3

In typical relationships, one would expect the most bickering between _____.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that mothers and daughters have the highest level of conflict and bickering in their relationships, often due to differences in communication style and expectations. While conflict can arise in any relationship, this is the most common dynamic for bickering.

Question 4

Several researchers have compared parent-child relationships in various cultures and have found that parent-child communication and encouragement benefit adolescents, reducing the risk for _____.

Accepted Answer

Several studies have found that positive parent-child relationships and communication can reduce the risk for depression in adolescents. Studies have also shown that high levels of parental encouragement and support can promote positive self-esteem, self-monitoring, and healthy behaviors, potentially decreasing the risk for obesity. However, the question specifically asks for the best choice, and the strongest evidence supports the reduction of depression risk.

Question 5

Among teenagers who strongly endorse familism, _____.

Accepted Answer

Among teenagers who strongly endorse familism, school attendance is higher and gang membership is lower. Familism is the cultural value that prioritizes loyalty, solidarity, and support for one's family over other concerns. High levels of familism have been associated with positive developmental outcomes, such as better academic achievement and mental health, and a lower likelihood of problem behaviors such as substance abuse and delinquency.

Question 6

Some parent-child bickering during the adolescent years may indicate _____.

Accepted Answer

Some level of parent-child bickering during adolescence is normal and can actually indicate a healthy family dynamic as teenagers assert their independence and establish their own identity. If there is no bickering at all, it could indicate an overly controlling parenting style or a lack of communication within the family. However, if the bickering is excessive or devolves into harsh verbal or physical fights, it could indicate deeper issues within the parent-child relationship or mental health concerns.

Question 7

Enrique believes that males should always be the ones to ask females out on dates. He thinks that if a man accepts an invitation for a date from a girl, it makes him a wimp. This is an example of Enrique's _____.

Accepted Answer

Enrique's belief about the appropriate roles and behaviors for males and females in terms of dating and asking someone out reflects his gender identity, which is his internal sense of being male. It does not necessarily reflect his sexual orientation (which refers to his attraction to others' gender identity) or his physical sex.

Question 8

Bickering between parents and adolescents is most likely to _____.

Accepted Answer

According to research, bickering between parents and adolescents is most likely to concern personal habits and dress rather than religious beliefs or other topics. However, this does not necessarily signal pathology in the family, and the frequency of bickering tends to fluctuate rather than consistently increase over the teenage years.

Question 9

The cultural norm of familism leads some adolescents to allow their parents to make decisions for them. Most U.S. teenagers _____.

Accepted Answer

Most U.S. teenagers tend to challenge their parents' decisions and beliefs as part of their development towards independence and identity formation.

Question 10

Gender refers to _____.

Accepted Answer

Gender refers to the cultural or social attributes associated with being male or female, such as behavior, expectations, and roles, rather than just the biological characteristics.

Question 11

Today, vocational identity often takes _____ to establish, and most work demands very specific skills that cannot be learned except on the job.

Accepted Answer

Establishing a vocational identity can take years, as it involves exploring different career options and gaining experience in the chosen field. Additionally, many jobs require specific skills that can only be learned through on-the-job training, further adding to the time it takes to fully establish a vocational identity.

Question 12

At what point in development is fluidity and uncertainty regarding sex and gender most common?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the most common point in development for fluidity and uncertainty regarding sex and gender is early adolescence, around ages 12-14. This is a period of significant hormonal and physical changes, as well as increased social pressures and exposure to diverse cultural and societal attitudes towards gender.

Question 13

People's acceptance of the roles and behaviors that they define as male or female is referred to as their _____ identity.

Accepted Answer

Gender identity refers to the internal sense of being male, female, both, or neither. It is a personal and subjective experience that may or may not align with one's biological sex assigned at birth. Gender identity is shaped by a variety of factors including biology, upbringing, culture, and individual experiences.

Question 14

Research indicates that adolescents who work 20 hours a week or more _____.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that adolescents who work 20 hours or more tend to suffer academically, and are more likely to drop out of school. They also have lower job satisfaction and are more likely to be unemployed or work in lower-paying jobs later in life.

Question 15

The cultural norm of familism often _____.

Accepted Answer

Familism refers to a cultural value that places importance on family above the individual. This often involves making sacrifices for the good of the family, such as putting the needs of the family before one's own personal desires or goals. Familism can provide a sense of solidarity and support during stressful life experiences, but it can also create pressure on individual family members to prioritize the family's needs over their own.

Question 16

Sandra is in her bedroom with her mother. Sandra's mother exclaims, "You need to get these clothes off the floor right now!" Sandra replies, "It's my room and I will leave things where I want." Sandra's mother responds, "I am your mother and you will do what I say." This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

This scenario depicts an argument or disagreement between Sandra and her mother, which is known as bickering.

Question 17

In the United States, parent-child conflict is most common when children are in _____.

Accepted Answer

Research has found that parent-child conflict peaks during early adolescence, around ages 13-15. During this time, adolescents are striving for autonomy and independence, which can clash with their parents' desire to maintain control and protect them. This can result in disagreements and conflicts over issues such as curfew, clothing, and friends.

Question 18

Which statement is an example of a gender role?

Accepted Answer

The statement "A man should be the primary wage earner" is an example of a gender role, as it implies that men should be responsible for providing for their families financially.

Question 19

Alex has decided to pursue a career in music, even though his parents want him to study medicine. Alex has decided not to share his future career plans with his parents. Alex is most likely from _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Alex has decided to pursue a career...

Question 20

After a period of frequent bickering, Brittany and her parents are getting along much better. What is the best explanation for the new improvement in their relationship?

Accepted Answer

Brittany's improved relationship with her parents is likely due to her parents adjusting to her growing needs for independence and equality. This adjustment would naturally lead to fewer conflicts as her parents respect her evolving needs and perspectives.

Quiz 16: Adolescence: Psychosocial Development