Question 1

Which scenario is typical of the industry versus inferiority stage?

Accepted Answer

The industry versus inferiority stage, according to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, occurs during middle childhood (ages 6-11 years old) and focuses on the child's sense of competence and productivity. A child who successfully navigates this stage will develop a sense of pride and accomplishment in their abilities and skills. Choosing to practice and work hard to improve in an academic subject, like math, is a typical example of the industry versus inferiority stage. The other options do not demonstrate this stage.

Question 2

Barbara is in the third grade. She spends many hours rehearsing her math skills, reading books, and collecting bugs. According to Erikson, Barbara is developing a healthy sense of _____ through these tasks.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development states that, during the elementary school years, children are focused on developing skills and a sense of industry. This includes a desire to work hard and achieve goals. Barbara's engagement in math practice and bug collecting demonstrates a dedication to her tasks and an effort to improve her skills, indicating that she is developing a sense of industry. Self-control and autonomy are also important aspects of development, but they are not as closely tied to the tasks described in the scenario. Egocentrism is not a stage of Erikson's theory, but rather a concept from Piaget's cognitive development theory.

Question 3

_____ involves punishing the transgressor (such as grounding him or her or sending the child to bed without dinner, etc.).

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ involves punishing the transgressor (such as...

Question 4

According to Freud, during the latency stage children _____.

Accepted Answer

During the latency stage, Freud believed that children's sexual impulses are repressed, and they often develop a sense of antipathy or disinterest toward the opposite gender.

Question 5

During middle childhood, the shift to conversations about choices and values is most apparent between _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During middle childhood, the shift to conversations...

Question 6

_____ involves returning what was taken or fixing what was broken.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ involves returning what was taken or...

Question 7

What is Erikson's fourth stage of psychosocial development?

Accepted Answer

Erikson's fourth stage of psychosocial development is industry versus inferiority, which occurs during the age range of 6 to 12 years old. In this stage, children are developing a sense of competence through their successes in learning new skills and tasks, such as reading or sports. If they are not successful or receive negative feedback, they may develop a sense of inferiority.

Question 8

More than people of any other age, children between the ages of 6 and 11 are _____.

Accepted Answer

Children between the ages of 6 and 11 are in the stage of industry vs. inferiority according to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. This means they are focused on mastering skills and receiving validation for their achievements. Therefore, they are industrious and practicing skills valued by their culture during this stage.

Question 9

Children's steady growth, brain maturation, and intellectual advances make middle childhood a time for more _____.

Accepted Answer

During middle childhood, children are developing their sense of independence and autonomy. They are more capable of making decisions and taking responsibility for their actions.

Question 10

Middle childhood is a prime time for _____ development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Middle childhood is a prime time for...

Question 11

The theorist who most clearly described a basic framework for moral development is _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The theorist who most clearly described a...

Question 12

According to Erikson, if 9-year-old Anna is successful in solving her psychosocial conflict, she should be developing a(n) _____ view of herself.

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the psychosocial conflict of middle childhood (ages 6-12) is industry versus inferiority. If Anna is successful in resolving this conflict, she will develop a sense of industry, which refers to a growing sense of competence in her abilities and skills. This means that she will view herself as industrious and capable, rather than inept or latent. Therefore, the best choice is B) industrious.

Question 13

As children become more self-aware, what do they benefit from more?

Accepted Answer

As children become more self-aware, they benefit more from receiving encouragement for their process rather than their product. This helps them develop a growth mindset and a willingness to take risks and learn from mistakes. Hearing how smart they are or how popular they are may lead to a fixed mindset and a fear of failure. Telling children that "failure is not an option" may create a pressure to succeed that is detrimental to their development.

Question 14

Who described middle childhood as a time of latency?

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud described middle childhood as a time of latency, during which sexual instincts are dormant and children focus on developing social and intellectual skills.

Question 15

According to Erikson's theory, children in middle childhood tend to judge themselves as either _____.

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory, children in middle childhood tend to judge themselves as either industrious or inferior. This stage of development is referred to as Industry vs. Inferiority, and children in this stage are focused on developing a sense of competence and mastery over tasks and skills. Those who feel successful and productive will develop a sense of industry, while those who feel inadequate and unable to meet expectations may develop feelings of inferiority.

Question 16

What is a growth mindset?

Accepted Answer

A growth mindset is the idea that people can develop their abilities and intelligence through effort and hard work. It emphasizes the belief that change is possible and encourages individuals to embrace challenges and view failures as opportunities for growth. Choices A, C, and D are not accurate descriptions of a growth mindset.

Question 17

In Kohlberg's preconventional moral reasoning, avoiding _____ is the primary motivation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Kohlberg's preconventional moral reasoning, avoiding _____...

Question 18

Robert has been rehearsing for a dance competition for the past two months. When he wins second place, he is discouraged and wants to give up dance altogether. Robert is displaying _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Robert has been rehearsing for a dance...

Question 19

According to Freud, what will 8-year-old Sven experience?

Accepted Answer

During the latency stage, which typically occurs from age 6 to puberty, Freud believed that children's sexual interests are repressed and dormant, leading to a shift away from sexual interests.

Question 20

Why doesn't a growth mindset come naturally to 6- to 11-year-olds?

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational thinking, which is common in children ages 6-11, can lead to discouragement and quitting when faced with challenges or failures. A growth mindset requires children to embrace challenges and see failure as an opportunity for growth, which can be a difficult concept for them to grasp at this age.

Quiz 13: Middle Childhood: Psychosocial Development