Question 1

The most commonly diagnosed learning disorder is _____.

Accepted Answer

Dyslexia is the most commonly diagnosed learning disorder, affecting approximately 10% to 20% of the population.

Question 2

_____ is considered to be a specific type of autism spectrum disorder.

Accepted Answer

ASD without language or intellectual impairment is a specific subtype of autism spectrum disorder in which an individual has deficits in social communication and interaction skills but does not have intellectual or language impairments. Dyscalculia is a learning disorder related to difficulty in math concepts, mental retardation is an outdated term for intellectual disability, and comorbid refers to the presence of two or more medical conditions simultaneously.

Question 3

Which learning disorder is characterized by unusual difficulty with reading?

Accepted Answer

Dyslexia is a learning disorder that is specifically characterized by difficulty with reading, including decoding, comprehension, and fluency. ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, and bipolar disorder all involve different symptoms and difficulties that are not specifically related to reading.

Question 4

Jim has struggled with reading throughout his school experience, and he has fallen far behind his peers. Based on this, his teacher recommends that Jim be evaluated for _____.

Accepted Answer

Jim's struggle with reading and falling far behind his peers suggests that he may have a specific learning disorder in reading, such as dyslexia. Therefore, he should be evaluated for this type of disorder. ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, and bipolar disorder do not necessarily have a direct correlation with Jim's reading difficulties.

Question 5

Allen is 3 years old. He ignores people when they are in the room, and he does not make eye contact when people speak to him. He rarely speaks, and he plays with a spinning top for hours. He just spins it, watches it, and when it stops he spins it again. Allen may be showing signs of _____.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described suggest that Allen may have autism spectrum disorder, characterized by challenges with social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. A learning disability would not necessarily result in social and communication issues, nor would playing with a spinning top for hours. ADHD may involve hyperactivity, impulsivity, and difficulty focusing, but not necessarily lack of eye contact or delayed speech. Bipolar disorder involves significant mood swings, but not necessarily the social and communication challenges described in the scenario.

Question 6

A child can have autism spectrum disorder symptoms for many reasons. This reflects the developmental principle of _____.

Accepted Answer

Equifinality refers to the principle that multiple causes can lead to the same outcome. In the case of autism spectrum disorder, this means that there are many different factors that can contribute to the development of the disorder.

Question 7

Which condition is a learning disorder related to math?

Accepted Answer

Dyscalculia is a learning disorder related to math. Dyslexia is a learning disorder related to reading and language, ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects attention and hyperactivity, and autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects social interaction and communication.

Question 8

A marked delay in a particular area of learning that is not caused by an apparent physical disability, by intellectual disability, or by an unusually stressful home environment is referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

A marked delay in a particular area of learning that is not caused by an apparent physical disability, by intellectual disability, or by an unusually stressful home environment is referred to as a specific learning disorder. ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, and bipolar disorder are separate conditions that may have overlapping symptoms but do not fit the description of a specific learning disorder.

Question 9

The use of medication to treat ADHD (and many other disorders) in children _____.

Accepted Answer

The use of medication to treat ADHD in children is controversial, as some people believe it is overprescribed and may have negative side effects. Others argue that medication can be effective in treating symptoms and improving a child's quality of life.

Question 10

Children who are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder can vary in the type and range of symptoms they display, but all children with autism spectrum disorder have _____.

Accepted Answer

All children with autism spectrum disorder have difficulty understanding emotions, which is a core characteristic of the disorder, affecting social communication and interaction.

Question 11

Most children with autism spectrum disorder show signs in _____.

Accepted Answer

Most children with autism spectrum disorder show signs in infancy, such as not responding to their name, delayed language development, lack of eye contact, and repetitive behaviors. While some individuals may receive a diagnosis later in childhood or adolescence, early signs often appear in infancy.

Question 12

Which treatment for autism spectrum disorder is most promising?

Accepted Answer

The treatment for autism spectrum disorder that is most promising depends on the individual child. Autism is a complex disorder and what works for one child may not work for another. Therefore, it is important to have a customized treatment plan based on the specific needs and characteristics of each child. Treatment should involve a comprehensive approach that considers behavioral therapy, educational support, and medication (when appropriate). Megadoses of vitamins and hyperbaric treatments have not been shown to be effective in treating autism spectrum disorder.

Question 13

Seamus is very talented at drawing. Although his speech is close to normal, he tends to shy away from other children and is awkward when trying to relate to others. Which diagnosis would fit Seamus's behavior?

Accepted Answer

Seamus's behavior fits the criteria for autism spectrum disorder without language or intellectual impairment, as he shies away from others and has difficulty with social interaction, but his speech is close to normal and he has artistic talent, which could also be a common trait in individuals on the autism spectrum. Compulsive disorder, dyslexia, and ADHD do not fit Seamus's behavior as well as autism spectrum disorder.

Question 14

Mariangela has dyslexia. Mariangela is taught in the regular classroom, where she has her own reading tutor for part of the day. This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

Inclusion refers to the practice of including students with disabilities in regular classroom settings. The fact that Mariangela is taught in the regular classroom indicates inclusion. The presence of her own reading tutor during part of the day further supports the idea that she is being included in the regular classroom with additional support. Autism spectrum disorder, resource room, and indoctrination are not relevant or accurate choices in this context.

Question 15

Jane is in the third grade but reads at the level of a preschooler. Jane's teacher thinks that she reverses letters and may have _____.

Accepted Answer

Jane's difficulty with reading and reversing letters suggest a possible sign of dyslexia, which is a neurological condition that affects reading and language processing. Dyscalculia (B) refers to difficulty with math, while ADHD (C) and autism spectrum disorder (D) are not directly related to the symptoms described.

Question 16

All children with autism spectrum disorder _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All children with autism spectrum disorder _____.
...

Question 17

One of the documented long-term benefits of using medication to treat ADHD is _____.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that using medication to treat ADHD over the long-term is associated with a lower risk of substance abuse disorders, including drug abuse.

Question 18

Which of the following is a sign of autism spectrum disorder?

Accepted Answer

Impaired social understanding is a common hallmark of autism spectrum disorder, while cooperative play and early language proficiency are not necessarily indicative of the disorder. Low intelligence may occur in some individuals with autism, but it is not a defining characteristic of the disorder.

Question 19

In the United States, more than _____ million children and adolescents under the age of 18 take prescription drugs to regulate their emotions and behavior.

Accepted Answer

More than 2 million children and adolescents under the age of 18 in the United States are prescribed medication to manage their emotions and behavior, reflecting a significant reliance on pharmaceutical interventions for mental health issues in this age group.

Question 20

In 1975, the Education of All Handicapped Children Act stipulated that children with special needs must be educated in the _____.

Accepted Answer

The Education of All Handicapped Children Act, now known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), requires that children with special needs be educated in the least restrictive environment. This means that they should be included in general education classes as much as possible, with appropriate support and accommodations. While resource rooms, inclusion classrooms, and mainstreamed classrooms could all be part of a least restrictive environment, the key focus is on providing each child with an educational setting that is tailored to their individual needs while promoting maximum inclusion and access to the general curriculum.

Quiz 11: Middle Childhood: Biosocial Development