In the Rutherford nuclear- atom model, .

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In the Rutherford nuclear-atom model, the heavy subatomic particles, protons and neutrons, reside in the nucleus. This is in contrast to the Thomson plum pudding model, where the mass was spread uniformly throughout the atom. Rutherford's model was based on his famous gold foil experiment, where he observed that most of the alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil, but some were deflected at large angles. This led him to conclude that the positive charge and most of the mass of an atom was concentrated in a small, dense nucleus at the center of the atom.

In the Rutherford Nuclear- Atom Model,