Question 1

The contribution of sulfur to acid rain is via the production of .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The contribution of sulfur to acid rain...

Question 2

The concentration of Br^-in a sample of seawater is 8.3 × 10^-⁴M. If a liter of seawater has a mass of 1)0 kg, the concentration of Br^-- is ppm.

Accepted Answer

To convert molarity to ppm, multiply by the molar mass of Br (79.9 g/mol) and then by 1000 (to convert from g/L to mg/L). Thus, 8.3 × 10^-4 M × 79.9 g/mol × 1000 = 66 ppm.

Question 3

The concentration of water vapor in a sample of air that has a partial pressure of water of 0.91 torr and a total pressure of air of 735 torr is _ ppm.

Accepted Answer

The concentration of water vapor (in ppm) can be calculated using the following formula:

Concentration (ppm) = (Partial pressure of water / Total pressure of air) x 10^6

Plugging in the values:

Concentration = (0.91 / 735) x 10^6
Concentration = 1.238 × 10^3

Therefore, the concentration of water vapor in the sample of air is 1.2 × 10^3 ppm, which corresponds to answer choice C.

Question 4

Clean rainwater is acidic mainly due to the presence of .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Clean rainwater is acidic mainly due to...

Question 5

The approximate pH of acid rain is _ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The approximate pH of acid rain is...

Question 6

The average pH of the oceans is and is maintained by the buffering capacity of
.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The average pH of the oceans is...

Question 7

The primary detrimental effect of the presence of large amounts of biodegradable organic materials in water is _.

Accepted Answer

Large amounts of biodegradable organic materials in water can lead to an increase in the number of microorganisms that decompose the organic matter. This decomposition process consumes oxygen in the water, leading to oxygen depletion, which can be harmful or fatal to aquatic organisms.

Question 8

To reduce lead toxicity, the metal, , is used in the electrodeposition of automobiles to prevent corrosion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of To reduce lead toxicity, the metal, ,...

Question 9

Show how a molecule of C₂F₂Cl₂can destroy two molecules of ozone, O₃.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Show how a molecule of C₂F₂Cl₂can...

Question 10

The three most concentrated ions in seawater are .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The three most concentrated ions in seawater...

Question 11

The concentration of ozone in a sample of air that has a partial pressure of O₃of 0.33 torr and a total pressure of air of 735 torr is _ ppm.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The concentration of ozone in a sample...

Question 12

Which one of the following substances found in the atmosphere will absorb radiation in the infrared portion of the spectrum?

Accepted Answer

The only substance from the given options that absorbs radiation in the infrared portion of the spectrum is water vapor (H2O), which is represented by the chemical formula H₂O.

Question 13

The average adult in the U.S. needs _ liters of water per day.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The average adult in the U.S. needs...

Question 14

In the equation below, what is the meaning of the asterisk? O + O₂→O₃^*

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the equation below, what is the...

Question 15

Approximately 90% of the earth's ozone is in the .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Approximately 90% of the earth's ozone is...

Question 16

The source(s) of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere is/are .

Accepted Answer

All the listed sources contribute to sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere: bacterial action, forest fires, volcanic gases, and fossil-fuel combustion.

Question 17

The fourth most abundant component of dry air is .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fourth most abundant component of dry...

Question 18

Of the reactions involved in the photodecomposition of ozone (shown below), which are exothermic? 1) O₂(g) + hv → O (g) + O (g) 2) O (g) + O₂(g) + M (g) → O₃(g) + M^*(g) 3) O₃(g) + hv →O₂(g) + O (g) 4) O (g) + O (g) + M (g) →O₂(g) + M^*(g)

Accepted Answer

The term "exothermic" implies that the reaction releases heat energy. We can determine whether a reaction is exothermic or endothermic by looking at the change in enthalpy (ΔH) of the reaction. If ΔH is negative, the reaction is exothermic, and if ΔH is positive, the reaction is endothermic.

For the given reactions, ΔH values are not provided, but we can use some general knowledge of the photochemistry of ozone to determine which reactions are exothermic.

Reaction (1) involves the photodissociation of ozone into two oxygen atoms via absorption of UV light, and is therefore endothermic.

Reaction (2) is the reaction of an oxygen atom and an ozone molecule to form two oxygen molecules and a free radical. This reaction is highly exothermic and is responsible for the absorption of UV radiation in the stratosphere.

Reaction (3) is similar to Reaction (1), but the absorption of UV light leads to the formation of an energized ozone molecule with extra vibrational energy in one of its bonds. The excess energy is subsequently released as heat, making this reaction exothermic.

In reaction (4), two oxygen atoms react with a molecule M (often nitrogen or another gas in the atmosphere) to form two ozone molecules and M in an exothermic manner.

Therefore, only reactions (2) and (4) are exothermic. The correct answer is D.

Question 19

Water containing high concentrations of cations is called hard water.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Water containing high concentrations of cations is...

Question 20

The concentration of ozone in Los Angeles is 0.67 ppm on a summer day. This means that if the total pressure is 735 torr, then the partial pressure of O₃is _ torr.

Accepted Answer

The partial pressure of a gas is calculated by multiplying its concentration (in ppm) by the total pressure and dividing by 1,000,000. Thus, (0.67 ppm * 735 torr) / 1,000,000 = 0.49 torr.

Quiz 18: Chemistry of the Environment

The contribution of sulfur to acid rain is via the production of .

The concentration of Br^-in a sample of seawater is 8.3 × 10^-⁴M. If a liter of seawater has a mass of 1) 0 kg, the concentration of Br^-- is ppm.

The concentration of water vapor in a sample of air that has a partial pressure of water of 0.91 torr and a total pressure of air of 735 torr is _ ppm.

Clean rainwater is acidic mainly due to the presence of .

The approximate pH of acid rain is _ .

The average pH of the oceans is and is maintained by the buffering capacity of .

The primary detrimental effect of the presence of large amounts of biodegradable organic materials in water is _.

To reduce lead toxicity, the metal, , is used in the electrodeposition of automobiles to prevent corrosion.

Show how a molecule of C₂F₂Cl₂can destroy two molecules of ozone, O₃.

The three most concentrated ions in seawater are .

The concentration of ozone in a sample of air that has a partial pressure of O₃of 0.33 torr and a total pressure of air of 735 torr is _ ppm.

Which one of the following substances found in the atmosphere will absorb radiation in the infrared portion of the spectrum?

The average adult in the U.S. needs _ liters of water per day.

In the equation below, what is the meaning of the asterisk? O + O₂→O₃^*

Approximately 90% of the earth's ozone is in the .

The source(s) of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere is/are .

The fourth most abundant component of dry air is .

Of the reactions involved in the photodecomposition of ozone (shown below) , which are exothermic? 1) O₂(g) + hv → O (g) + O (g) 2) O (g) + O₂(g) + M (g) → O₃(g) + M^(g) 3) O₃(g) + hv →O₂(g) + O (g) 4) O (g) + O (g) + M (g) →O₂(g) + M^(g)

Water containing high concentrations of cations is called hard water.

The concentration of ozone in Los Angeles is 0.67 ppm on a summer day. This means that if the total pressure is 735 torr, then the partial pressure of O₃is _ torr.

Quiz 18: Chemistry of the Environment

The contribution of sulfur to acid rain is via the production of .

The concentration of Br- in a sample of seawater is 8.3 × 10- 4 M. If a liter of seawater has a mass of 1) 0 kg, the concentration of Br- - is ppm.

The concentration of water vapor in a sample of air that has a partial pressure of water of 0.91 torr and a total pressure of air of 735 torr is _ ppm.

Clean rainwater is acidic mainly due to the presence of .

The approximate pH of acid rain is _ .

The average pH of the oceans is and is maintained by the buffering capacity of .

The primary detrimental effect of the presence of large amounts of biodegradable organic materials in water is _.

To reduce lead toxicity, the metal, , is used in the electrodeposition of automobiles to prevent corrosion.

Show how a molecule of C2F2Cl2 can destroy two molecules of ozone, O3.

The three most concentrated ions in seawater are .

The concentration of ozone in a sample of air that has a partial pressure of O3 of 0.33 torr and a total pressure of air of 735 torr is _ ppm.

Which one of the following substances found in the atmosphere will absorb radiation in the infrared portion of the spectrum?

The average adult in the U.S. needs _ liters of water per day.

In the equation below, what is the meaning of the asterisk? O + O2 →O3*

Approximately 90% of the earth's ozone is in the .

The source(s) of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere is/are .

The fourth most abundant component of dry air is .

Of the reactions involved in the photodecomposition of ozone (shown below) , which are exothermic? 1) O2 (g) + hv → O (g) + O (g) 2) O (g) + O2 (g) + M (g) → O3(g) + M* (g) 3) O3 (g) + hv →O2 (g) + O (g) 4) O (g) + O (g) + M (g) →O2 (g) + M* (g)

Water containing high concentrations of cations is called hard water.

The concentration of ozone in Los Angeles is 0.67 ppm on a summer day. This means that if the total pressure is 735 torr, then the partial pressure of O3 is _ torr.

The concentration of Br^-in a sample of seawater is 8.3 × 10^-⁴M. If a liter of seawater has a mass of 1) 0 kg, the concentration of Br^-- is ppm.

Show how a molecule of C₂F₂Cl₂can destroy two molecules of ozone, O₃.

The concentration of ozone in a sample of air that has a partial pressure of O₃of 0.33 torr and a total pressure of air of 735 torr is _ ppm.

In the equation below, what is the meaning of the asterisk? O + O₂→O₃^*

Of the reactions involved in the photodecomposition of ozone (shown below) , which are exothermic? 1) O₂(g) + hv → O (g) + O (g) 2) O (g) + O₂(g) + M (g) → O₃(g) + M^(g) 3) O₃(g) + hv →O₂(g) + O (g) 4) O (g) + O (g) + M (g) →O₂(g) + M^(g)

The concentration of ozone in Los Angeles is 0.67 ppm on a summer day. This means that if the total pressure is 735 torr, then the partial pressure of O₃is _ torr.