Question 1

In systematic sampling, the first element is randomly selected from the first (N/n) elements.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Systematic sampling involves selecting every kth element from a population of size N. The first element selected is randomly chosen from the first (N/n) elements of the population.

Question 2

Secondary data are data taken from an existing source.

Accepted Answer

Secondary data refers to data that is already collected, published, and available in either internal or external sources. Examples of secondary sources include government reports, statistics, journal articles, and books. It is in contrast to primary data, which is collected for the first time by the researcher.

Question 3

A recording error is an error of observation.

Accepted Answer

A recording error is an error that occurs during the process of observing or recording data. It is not related to the data itself but rather how the data is collected or recorded. Therefore, it is an error of observation.

Question 4

By taking a systematic sample in which we select every 100th shopper arriving at a specific store, we are approximating a random sample of shoppers.

Accepted Answer

By selecting every 100th shopper, we are introducing a level of systematic sampling, but because we are still selecting shoppers at random intervals, we are approximating a random sample. However, it is important to note that this method may introduce biases if there is any underlying pattern or trend in the arrival of shoppers at the store.

Question 5

Convenience sampling is a type of probability sampling in which we select elements to sample because we believe they have the highest probability of responding.

Accepted Answer

Convenience sampling is not probability sampling. Convenience sampling is a type of sampling in which we select elements because they are easy or convenient to sample.

Question 6

Data warehousing is defined as a process of centralized data management and retrieval.

Accepted Answer

Data warehousing is indeed a process of centralizing data management and retrieval. This involves collecting and aggregating data from various sources into a central repository, where it can be stored, analyzed, and accessed by users for business intelligence purposes.

Question 7

Judgment sampling occurs when a person who is extremely knowledgeable about the population under consideration selects the population elements that they feel are most representative of the population.

Accepted Answer

Judgment sampling is an intentional sampling technique where the sample is chosen based on the subjective judgment of the researcher or the expert in the field. They select individuals or cases that they believe are representative of the population based on their expertise and knowledge.

Question 8

The term big data refers to the use of survey data by big business.

Accepted Answer

Big data is a term that arose from the huge capacity of data warehouses that contain massive amounts of data.

Question 9

If we sample without replacement, we do not place the unit chosen on a particular selection back into the population.

Accepted Answer

When we sample without replacement, we are not allowed to select the same unit again. This differs from sampling with replacement where we are allowed to place the selected unit back into the population before making another selection.

Question 10

Stratification can at times be combined with multistage cluster sampling to develop an appropriate sample.

Accepted Answer

Stratification helps to create subgroups within the population that may have different characteristics. Multistage cluster sampling involves dividing the population into clusters and sampling from each cluster. By combining these two methods, it is possible to have a more representative sample that ensures that all subgroups within the population are included.

Question 11

An individual collecting data directly through planned experimentation is obtaining primary data.

Accepted Answer

Primary data is data collected directly through original research or experimentation.

Question 12

The target population is the result of sampling from the original population that is of interest to the researcher.

Accepted Answer

Target population is the entire population of interest.

Question 13

Errors of non-observation occur when data values are recorded incorrectly.

Accepted Answer

Errors of non-observation relate to population elements that are not observed.

Question 14

A sampling error can occur because of incomplete information.

Accepted Answer

If the sample is selected based on incomplete or incorrect information, the sample may not accurately represent the population, which may lead to a sampling error.

Question 15

Business analytics is a new field that does not use traditional statistics to analyze big data.

Accepted Answer

Business analytics is an extension of traditional statistics.

Question 16

Sampling error occurs because a characteristic of a random sample may not exactly equal the population characteristic that we are attempting to estimate.

Accepted Answer

Sampling error is a real and unavoidable aspect of any survey or measurement process. It occurs because the characteristics of the sample, such as age or gender, may not exactly match the characteristics of the overall population being studied. This can result in estimates that are either too high or too low and may lead to inaccurate conclusions.

Question 17

In order to select a stratified random sample, we divide the population into overlapping groups of similar elements.

Accepted Answer

A stratified random sample is created by dividing the population into non-overlapping groups.

Question 18

Judgment sampling is an example of convenience sampling.

Accepted Answer

Judgment sampling has an extremely knowledgeable individual select the sample. Voluntary sampling occurs when participants self-select, which is a form of convenience sampling, where elements are selected because they are easy or convenient to sample.

Question 19

A low response rate has no effect on the validity of a survey's findings.

Accepted Answer

Low response rates do affect the validity of a survey's results.

Question 20

A common practice in selecting a sample from a large geographic area is multistage cluster sampling.

Accepted Answer

Multistage cluster sampling involves dividing a large geographic area into smaller clusters and then randomly selecting clusters to further divide into smaller clusters until individual units can be sampled.

Quiz 1: An Introduction to Business Statistics and Analytics