On the Basis of the Hierarchy Developed by Spirduso and Colleagues

On the basis of the hierarchy developed by Spirduso and colleagues (2005) ,a physically frail elder is one who:

A) Participates in activities with individuals younger than themselves and exercises on a regular basis for health and well-being
B) Functions independently,although engages only in less physically demanding activities
C) Lives independently with human or environmental assistance but is unable to engage in certain instrumental activities of daily living
D) Requires institutional care or full-time assistance