Question 1

According to the text,people who are ________ appear to be particularly vulnerable to poor relationships.

Accepted Answer

High levels of negative affectivity, which is characterized by persistent negative emotions and moods, have been found to predict poor relationship quality and stability.

Question 2

Dr.Allison examines whether generosity and empathy are related to marital satisfaction in a study of newlyweds.What approach to relationships is Dr.Allison using?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Allison is using the trait approach, which focuses on specific characteristics or traits (in this case, generosity and empathy) and how they influence behavior or outcomes in relationships, such as marital satisfaction.

Question 3

What is the main premise of the dependence regulation model?

Accepted Answer

The dependence regulation model suggests that enduring personality characteristics, such as self-esteem, influence how partners perceive and communicate with one another in relationships.

Question 4

Derek tends to be very critical of his wife,Jane.He worries a lot about his lack of success at work and lately has been very pessimistic about his work environment.These behaviors reflect which personality trait?

Accepted Answer

Derek's tendency to criticize his wife and be pessimistic about his work environment suggest a high level of negative affectivity, which is a personality trait characterized by experiencing negative emotions such as anxiety, sadness, and irritability frequently and easily. This trait can lead to a host of negative outcomes, including strained relationships and decreased job satisfaction.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about how personality traits affect intimate relationships is NOT accurate?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements about how...

Question 6

Which of the following traits is NOT part of the Big Five model of personality?

Accepted Answer

Acquiescence is not one of the traits in the Big Five model of personality. The actual traits included in the model are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Question 7

What was Lewis Terman's view on personality and marital success?

Accepted Answer

CLewis Terman's view on personality and marital success emphasized the role of individual personality traits in determining the success of relationships. He believed that certain personality characteristics could influence relationship satisfaction and that these traits could affect the dynamics between couples, leading to either success or failure in marital relationships. This perspective acknowledges the importance of individual differences in shaping the outcomes of intimate relationships.

Question 8

Despite being a single parent,Nancy enjoys spending time with her friends and attends parties whenever she can.She also runs her own business,making children's toys,which she sells through a website she maintains herself.To get her work done while her children are in school,Nancy must be very organized and must schedule her time carefully.These behaviors reflect which personality traits?

Accepted Answer

Nancy's enjoyment of spending time with friends and attending parties suggests high extraversion, while her need to be organized and schedule her time carefully for her business reflects high conscientiousness. Being a single parent may also require her to show high levels of responsibility and planning. There is no evidence to suggest high agreeableness or openness, making choices A, C, and D incorrect.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a component of the way psychologists define personality?

Accepted Answer

The way psychologists define personality does not include qualities that characterize all individuals, as there is recognition that individual differences exist in personality traits and characteristics.

Question 10

Chantey is low in agreeableness.Her husband is likely to report that she:

Accepted Answer

Since Chantey is low in agreeableness, it is more likely that she would treat her husband condescendingly. She may have a tendency towards disagreement and conflict rather than being considerate towards her husband's needs.

Question 11

Chantey tends to be somewhat critical of her husband,John.She worries a lot about her inability to market herself as a successful painter and lately has been very pessimistic about how media advertising is affecting her daughter's body image.These behaviors reflect which personality trait?

Accepted Answer

High negative affectivity is characterized by a tendency to experience negative emotions such as anxiety, sadness, and irritability, which are a central aspect of Chantey's behavior towards her husband and her worries about herself and her daughter.

Question 12

Dr.Andrews examines whether shyness and assertiveness are related to partner preferences in a study of dating couples.What approach to relationships is Dr.Andrews using?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Andrews is using a trait approach to relationships by examining personality traits such as shyness and assertiveness and their relationship to partner preferences.

Question 13

According to the text,________ refer(s)to "those distinctive qualities that characterize an individual,that are relatively stable over time and across situations,that have some internal organization to them,and that influence how the individual behaves in and adapts to the world around them."

Accepted Answer

The definition given in the text fits the concept of personality, which refers to the stable and consistent patterns of behavior, thoughts, and emotions that make up an individual's unique character. Conflict management style and attachment style are more specific aspects of personality, while motives are related but can vary more based on situational factors.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about how personality traits affect intimate relationships is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that people tend to be attracted to those with similar personality traits, which suggests that people with similar personalities do often pair up in intimate relationships. However, it is important to note that simply having similar personalities does not guarantee a successful intimate relationship. In fact, research has found that partners with more similar personalities tend to have happier relationships. This is likely because they have fewer disagreements and conflicts, and are better able to understand and empathize with each other's behaviors and emotions.

Question 15

How can we summarize the research on personality and relationships?

Accepted Answer

Research generally suggests that personality traits have a significant and consistent impact on relationships, often more so than the reverse. Personality traits can influence relationship satisfaction, stability, and dynamics.

Question 16

Kadija has never thought much of herself,and she does not think that her partner,Mac,does either.Mac has been preoccupied at work lately,and Kadija thinks that he is drifting away from her.Because of her dissatisfaction,Kadija has been quick to anger,and she and Mac have been arguing a lot.What best describes the cycle that Kadija is experiencing?

Accepted Answer

The dependence regulation model explains how low self-esteem can lead individuals to underestimate their partner's regard for them, causing dissatisfaction and conflict in the relationship, which fits Kadija's situation.

Question 17

What prediction would follow from Sandra Murray and her colleagues' dependence regulation model?

Accepted Answer

The dependence regulation model suggests that individuals with low self-esteem are more sensitive to signs of rejection and may behave in ways that can negatively affect their partner's satisfaction in the relationship, leading to a decline in relationship satisfaction over time.

Question 18

Nicole's coworkers often describe her as being very organized and acting according to policy;however,she is very friendly and willing to engage with her staff.According to her coworkers,how would you define Nicole's personality?

Accepted Answer

According to her coworkers, Nicole is described as being very organized and acting according to policy, which suggests she is high in conscientiousness. Additionally, they describe her as being friendly and willing to engage with her staff, which suggests she is also high in extraversion. Therefore, the best choice is C, high in conscientiousness and high in extraversion.

Question 19

Derek tends to be somewhat critical of his wife,Jane.He worries a lot about his lack of success at work and lately has been very pessimistic.According to the text,these facts indicate that Derek and Jane are likely to:

Accepted Answer

Derek's tendency to be critical of his wife and his pessimistic attitude about work indicate that there may be underlying issues in the relationship. These factors can contribute to an unhappy marriage. The number of children they have is not mentioned in the text and is not relevant to the information provided.

Question 20

People with similar personality traits generally ________ in intimate relationships,yet partners who have ________ personalities tend to have happier relationships.

Accepted Answer

The answer of People with similar personality traits generally ________...

Quiz 6: Personality and Personal History