The most powerful alternatives to true randomized experimental designs are

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Participant observation designs (A) may provide rich and detailed data, but lack the ability to establish cause-and-effect relationships. Nonequivalent control group designs (B) attempt to match groups on important variables but cannot eliminate all sources of bias. Time series designs (C) offer repeated measures over time, but do not provide a comparison group. Combining participant observation designs with nonequivalent control group designs can increase their internal validity and provide stronger evidence of causation. Therefore, option D is the best choice as it offers the benefits of both A and B.

The Most Powerful Alternatives to True Randomized Experimental Designs Are