Question 1

Between 1980 and 2000,the rate of childhood asthma in the United States has:

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the rate of childhood asthma in the United States more than tripled between 1980 and 2010.

Question 2

A child is shown a large box and a small box.The large box contains a 5-pound weight and the small box contains a 10-pound weight.The child picks up the boxes and looks at them closely,and then is asked which weighs more.The child is no longer focused only on appearances,so he answers that the small box weighs more.Jean Piaget would say that this child is in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the child in this scenario is in the concrete operational stage. During this stage, children begin to understand the concept of conservation, which means that despite changes in appearance, the quantity of a substance remains the same. In this case, the child understands that the 10-pound weight in the small box is more dense, but not necessarily heavier than the 5-pound weight in the large box. This is evidence of the child's ability to think logically and understand conservation. These abilities are common in children between the ages of 7 and 11 years old, which is associated with Piaget's concrete operational stage.

Question 3

With respect to asthma,the hygiene hypothesis is supported by data showing all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The other choices all support the hygiene hypothesis, which suggests that exposure to microbes early in life can help protect against asthma and allergies. However, choice D contradicts the hypothesis, as city children are often exposed to less diverse microbes and have higher rates of asthma and allergies.

Question 4

The belief that children's immune systems need to be exposed to viruses and bacteria in order to strengthen them,but that children are overprotected from this exposure,is called the:

Accepted Answer

The term "hygiene hypothesis" describes the belief that young children need exposure to germs in order to develop a healthy immune system, and that overprotection from such exposure can actually weaken their ability to fight off infections later in life. The other answer options are not descriptions of this belief.

Question 5

How long it takes to respond to a stimulus is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Reaction time is the amount of time it takes for an organism to respond to a stimulus. A and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the timing of a response. B is not a commonly used term in psychology or neuroscience.

Question 6

When capable of concrete operational thought,children:

Accepted Answer

When children are capable of concrete operational thought, they can apply their reasoning to real, tangible situations. They are no longer limited to intuitive, perceptual focusing, but are still not able to reason about abstractions. They still may be misled by appearances, but less so than in earlier stages of development.

Question 7

During middle childhood,children themselves contribute to weight gain by getting adults to do what they want,such as buying them candy or junk food.The ability of children to get adults to do what they want has been referred to as "_____ power."

Accepted Answer

The term "pester power" refers to the ability of children to nag or pester adults, often their parents, into purchasing items they may not otherwise buy, such as candy or junk food. This concept highlights how children can influence purchasing decisions within families.

Question 8

Which of the following is MOST often seen in children who are obese?

Accepted Answer

High levels of cholesterol are commonly seen in children who are obese, as excess body fat can lead to increased levels of circulating cholesterol. Low blood pressure and becoming a bully are not typically associated with obesity in children. While increased psychopathology can occur in some cases, it is not as common as high cholesterol levels.

Question 9

Asthma is a disorder caused by _____ the airways.

Accepted Answer

Asthma is caused by inflammation of the airways, which leads to narrowing, swelling, and increased mucus production. This can cause wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing. Enlargement of the airways, destruction of the airways, and holes in the airways are not characteristic features of asthma.

Question 10

A 3-year-old has a harder time catching a ball,whereas a 9-year-old has an easier time catching a ball.One contributing factor for why the 9-year-old has an easier time catching the ball in contrast to the 3-year-old is:

Accepted Answer

Decreased reaction time means that the 9-year-old can respond more quickly to the stimulus (the ball being thrown) than the 3-year-old. As children grow older, their reaction times improve, making tasks like catching a ball easier.

Question 11

Eight-year-old Alisha is able to listen to her teacher and concentrate on what she is saying even when her friends are talking around her.Alisha can do this because of an improvement in:

Accepted Answer

Selective attention refers to the ability to focus on one stimulus while ignoring irrelevant distractions. Alisha's ability to concentrate on her teacher's voice despite her friends talking around her suggests an improvement in selective attention.

Question 12

According to Jean Piaget,a child between the ages of 6 and 11 can apply logical principles to:

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory of cognitive development states that from ages 6 to 11, children have developed concrete operational thinking, meaning they are able to apply logical principles to concrete situations that are tangible and visible. They are not yet capable of abstract or hypothetical thinking, so choices A, B, and D are incorrect.

Question 13

Obesity has increased because it is common for:

Accepted Answer

Watching TV and drinking soda often leads to a sedentary lifestyle and consuming excess calories, which can contribute to obesity. The other options are not directly related to the increase in obesity rates.

Question 14

Wayne was doing a class report on asthma and learned that several factors may contribute to its development,including all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Asthma development is influenced by genetic factors (alleles), environmental factors (such as airtight windows and carpets, which can increase exposure to allergens), but not directly by sunlight. Sunlight, in fact, can help the body produce vitamin D, which might have a protective effect against asthma.

Question 15

Andrew is in the grocery store with his mom and he sees the candy-like cereal he saw advertised on television.He asks his mom to purchase it and she says no.He continues to beg,bargain,and pout until she concedes.Andrew demonstrated _____ power.

Accepted Answer

Andrew's behavior of begging, bargaining, and pouting can be described as pestering his mom to buy the cereal, which falls under D) pestering.

Question 16

According to Jean Piaget,children gain the ability to use _____ during middle childhood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Jean Piaget,children gain the ability...

Question 17

According to Jean Piaget,middle childhood is a time for _____ thought.

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory, middle childhood is a time for concrete operational thought, which is characterized by the ability to think logically and concretely about objects and events. Children at this stage can understand conservation, classification, and mathematical concepts. Formal operational thought, which involves abstract and hypothetical reasoning, does not typically develop until adolescence. Preoperational thought is characteristic of the preschool years, and metacognitive thought involves the ability to reflect on and regulate one's own thinking, which develops across the lifespan.

Question 18

Amanda brought her 10-year-old son to see the doctor because he was having problems breathing.The doctor informed Amanda that her son had inflammation of the airways.Amanda's son was diagnosed with:

Accepted Answer

Inflammation of the airways is a common symptom of asthma, especially in children. Obesity, sleep apnea, and diabetes can also cause breathing problems, but inflammation of the airways is not typically associated with these conditions.

Question 19

The ability to concentrate on some stimuli while ignoring others is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Selective attention refers to the ability to selectively focus on one stimulus while ignoring others. Divided attention refers to the ability to focus on multiple stimuli at the same time. Automatization refers to the process of becoming automatic or unconscious in performing a task. Reaction time refers to the time it takes to react to a stimulus. Therefore, the best choice is A, selective attention.

Question 20

Which child is more likely to develop asthma?

Accepted Answer

Children who live in cities are more likely to develop asthma due to exposure to air pollution and other environmental factors.

Quiz 7: Middle Childhood: Body and Mind