Question 1

You would expect to see the biggest impact of lithium on which part of the neuron?

Accepted Answer

Lithium is known to impact the firing of neurons by increasing the release of neurotransmitters, which in turn enhances the firing of receiving neurons. Therefore, the biggest impact of lithium is expected to be on the firing of the receiving neuron.

Question 2

Both of Nolan's parents suffered from depression and were generally unresponsive to his needs when he was a child.When Nolan was 9,his house burned down due to an electrical problem,but he blamed himself for the event.As a young adult,Nolan was diagnosed with depression shortly after his divorce.This example illustrates the _____ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The developmental psychopathology perspective emphasizes how the interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors shape the development of psychopathology. This example highlights the influence of developmental factors, including childhood experiences (such as unresponsive parents and trauma), on the development of depression in adulthood.

Question 3

More than _____ of manic patients treated with lithium improve.

Accepted Answer

The answer of More than _____ of manic patients treated...

Question 4

The strongest evidence for the cause of bipolar disorders BEST supports which theoretical perspective?

Accepted Answer

The strongest evidence for the cause of bipolar disorders supports the biological perspective, as research indicates a significant genetic component and neurochemical imbalances in the brain.

Question 5

Which statement is TRUE regarding people experiencing mania?

Accepted Answer

People experiencing mania crave excitement and may seek out new companionship to fulfill this need. They may not necessarily ignore old friends, but they may prioritize the excitement of new friendships over established ones. They may also engage in excessive social behaviors and potentially put themselves in risky or dangerous situations in pursuit of excitement.

Question 6

In general,object relations theorists follow the _____ perspective.

Accepted Answer

Object relations theorists are part of the psychodynamic perspective, which focuses on the influence of early relationships and unconscious processes on behavior.

Question 7

DSM-5 added premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)as a diagnosis for certain women who repeatedly experience clinically significant depressive and related symptoms during the week before menstruation.Why has this been an ongoing controversy?

Accepted Answer

Some argue that the diagnosis pathologizes normal menstrual experiences and exaggerates severe cases of premenstrual symptoms. Critics also suggest that PMDD is a socially constructed disorder that is used to dismiss or pathologize women's emotional experiences. However, proponents of the diagnosis argue that it is important to recognize and treat severe premenstrual symptoms that significantly affect a woman's functioning and quality of life.

Question 8

Which of these is a side effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

Accepted Answer

Memory loss is a known side effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), often affecting short-term memory.

Question 9

Which statement is FALSE regarding the use of ECT and drug therapies for treating depression?

Accepted Answer

ECT is typically reserved for severe cases of depression that have not responded to other treatments, and is not typically prescribed as a first-line treatment. Drug therapy is usually prescribed first, and ECT is considered as a second-line treatment option.

Question 10

Family pedigree,twin,and gene studies have been used to look for a predisposition for unipolar depression.These studies are indicative of which theoretical framework?

Accepted Answer

The biological framework focuses on the role of genetics and biology in the development of psychological disorders. Family pedigree, twin, and gene studies are all methods used to investigate the genetic and biological basis of unipolar depression.

Question 11

By regressing to the oral stage of development,mourners merge their identity with that of the person they lost,thereby symbolically regaining the person they lost.This statement defines the psychodynamic concept of:

Accepted Answer

The statement describes introjection, which is the psychodynamic concept of incorporating the qualities of a significant other into one's own identity. This process can happen in mourning when the mourner regresses to the oral stage of development and symbolically regains the lost person by merging their identity with them. Repression involves pushing unwanted thoughts or memories into the unconscious, introspection is a conscious examination of one's own thoughts and feelings, and projection involves attributing one's own undesirable qualities onto others.

Question 12

Your aunt says,"I know I'm depressed,and I think and worry about my depression constantly; however,I never actually do anything about it." She is:

Accepted Answer

The aunt is making ruminative responses, meaning she is repeatedly thinking about her depression without taking any action to address it. This is a common feature of depression and can contribute to the maintenance of depressive symptoms.

Question 13

Ruminative responses are defined as:

Accepted Answer

Ruminative responses involve repeatedly thinking about one's mood or problems without taking action to address them, often leading to increased distress.

Question 14

Martin Seligman developed a theory based on the idea that depression results from:

Accepted Answer

Martin Seligman's theory of learned helplessness suggests that depression can result from a belief that one has no control over the events in one's life. This belief leads to feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. Negative thinking and a decrease in positive reinforcements may also contribute to depression, but they are not the primary focus of Seligman's theory. Loss of a loved one, while a significant life stressor, is not the core component of Seligman's theory on the development of depression.

Question 15

A person constantly weeping is displaying a(n)_____ symptom of depression.

Accepted Answer

Weeping is an emotional response, indicating an emotional symptom of depression.

Question 16

Regarding the symptoms of depression,a motivational symptom like the lack of desire to get out of bed is different from its companion behavioral symptom,such as:

Accepted Answer

Staying in bed all day is a behavioral symptom, as it involves an observable action or lack thereof, whereas the lack of desire to get out of bed is a motivational symptom.

Question 17

How can exercise can help alleviate depression?

Accepted Answer

Exercise can help alleviate depression by producing social interactions, which can improve mood and provide support.

Question 18

A young woman believes that everything negative that happens to her is her own fault,that she ruins everything,and that she always will.The therapist diagnoses her as suffering from a learned helplessness-induced depression because she attributes negative events in her life to:

Accepted Answer

The young woman's belief that everything negative is her own fault (internal), that she ruins everything (global), and that she always will (stable) aligns with the characteristics of attributions related to learned helplessness-induced depression. These attributions are internal (believing the causes are within oneself), global (believing the causes will affect many areas of life), and stable (believing the causes will persist over time).

Question 19

Among the biological treatments for depression,which one uses an implanted pulse generator?

Accepted Answer

Vagus nerve stimulation involves the use of an implanted pulse generator to send electrical impulses to the vagus nerve, which can help alleviate symptoms of depression.

Question 20

Which person is MOST likely to be diagnosed with depression?

Accepted Answer

Women, especially those living in poverty, are statistically more likely to be diagnosed with depression due to factors such as socioeconomic stress, gender roles, and access to mental health resources.

Quiz 6: Depressive and Bipolar Disorders