Question 1

Which of the following would be found in a eukaryotic cell but NOT in a prokaryotic cell?
A) chloroplast
B) cell membrane
C) mitochondrion
D) nucleus
E) chloroplast, mitochondria, and nucleus are correct.

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles such as chloroplasts (in plants and algae), mitochondria, and a nucleus, which are not found in prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, lack these structures.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a component of cell walls?
A) RNA
B) cellulose
C) lignin
D) protein
E) pectin

Accepted Answer

RNA is not a component of cell walls. Cell walls, found in plants, fungi, and bacteria, are primarily composed of cellulose, lignin, proteins, and pectin, among other substances, which provide structural support and protection. RNA, on the other hand, is involved in the synthesis of proteins and the transmission of genetic information within the cell.

Question 3

According to the endosymbiotic theory
A) all living organisms are composed of cells and that a cell is the smallest unit considered to be living.
B) living organisms can arise from non-living matter and that the type of organism formed depends on the type of non-living matter
C) chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from small prokaryotes that were consumed by a larger eukaryotic cell.
D) new species arise when a portion of the population becomes isolated from the remainder of the population and experiences different selective pressures.
E) DNA controls the activities of the cell by specifying what proteins are to be synthesized.

Accepted Answer

The endosymbiotic theory suggests that chloroplasts and mitochondria, two key organelles in eukaryotic cells, originated from small prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by larger eukaryotic cells. This theory explains the presence of their own DNA and double membranes in these organelles.

Question 4

Who first saw boxlike compartments with a simple microscope and named them "cells"?
A) Anton van Leeuwenhoek
B) Robert Hooke
C) Francis Crick
D) Charles Darwin
E) Gregor Mendel

Accepted Answer

Robert Hooke first observed and named cells in 1665 when he described the compartments he saw in cork as "cells".

Question 5

Mitochondria are
A) the sites of protein synthesis in the cell.
B) mainly found in vacuoles.
C) the sites of production of energy (ATP) needed for plant functions.
D) a part of Golgi bodies.
E) devoid of internal structure.

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they are the sites where ATP, the energy molecule, is produced through the process of cellular respiration.

Question 6

Which of the following are common to nearly all plant and animal cells?
A) plasmodesmata
B) cell wall
C) centrioles
D) plastids
E) cell membrane

Accepted Answer

The cell membrane is a fundamental component common to nearly all plant and animal cells, serving as the boundary that separates the interior of the cell from its external environment.

Question 7

The fluid within cells in which the nucleus and other organelles are suspended is
A) protoplasm.
B) cytosol
C) cell sap.
D) pectin.
E) stroma.

Accepted Answer

Cytosol is the part of the cytoplasm that is not contained within intracellular membranes. It is the fluid in which the cell's organelles are suspended, excluding the nucleus.

Question 8

The watery fluid found in vacuoles is called
A) chromatin.
B) stroma.
C) cristae.
D) protoplasm.
E) cell sap.

Accepted Answer

Cell sap is the correct term for the watery fluid found in vacuoles, which often contains sugars, salts, acids, and other substances.

Question 9

In a mature, functioning, healthy cell with a nucleus, which of the following is extracellular?
A) endoplasmic reticulum
B) middle lamella
C) nucleolus
D) chromosomes
E) ribosomes

Accepted Answer

The middle lamella is the layer found between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells, thus it is considered extracellular, as it lies outside the cell membrane.

Question 10

The cell wall functions ________.
A) as support
B) as a barrier between plant and outside environment
C) as protection for fragile cells
D) to provide and maintain functional cell shape
E) All answer choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

The cell wall serves multiple functions including support, acting as a barrier between the plant and its environment, providing protection for fragile cells, and maintaining the cell's shape.

Question 11

Prokaryotic cells are characteristic of ________; eukaryotic cells are characteristic of ________.
A) fungi; plants
B) bacteria; all other organisms including plants and animals
C) fungi; plants and animals
D) plants and animals; bacteria
E) viruses; bacteria

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, are characteristic of bacteria. Eukaryotic cells, which have a nucleus, are characteristic of all other organisms, including plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

Question 12

________ allow people to view objects smaller than 2 micrometers.
A) Magnifying glasses
B) Cameras
C) Electron microscopes
D) Telescopes
E) The Hubble telescope

Accepted Answer

Electron microscopes use a beam of electrons to create an image of the specimen, allowing them to achieve much higher resolution than light microscopes and thus view objects smaller than 2 micrometers.

Question 13

Cell membranes are made up of a mosaic of ________.
A) phospholipids and proteins
B) cellulose and lignin
C) pectins and proteins
D) nucleic acid and wax
E) carbohydrates and proteins

Accepted Answer

Cell membranes are primarily composed of phospholipids and proteins, forming a structure known as the fluid mosaic model. This model describes the cell membrane as a flexible layer made of lipid molecules, with proteins interspersed throughout.

Question 14

Which of the following are primary constituents of cell membranes?
A) nucleotides
B) phospholipids
C) proteins
D) carbohydrates
E) steroids

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following are primary constituents...

Question 15

The outer boundary of living protoplasm in a plant cell is a
A) vacuolar membrane.
B) primary cell wall.
C) secondary cell wall.
D) middle lamella.
E) plasma membrane.

Accepted Answer

The outer boundary of living protoplasm in a plant cell is the plasma membrane. It is a selectively permeable membrane that encloses the cell's cytoplasm and plays a crucial role in controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 16

Which of the following is/are generally credited with developing the cell theory?
A) R. J. H. Dutrochet
B) Nehemiah Grew
C) Robert Hooke
D) Rudolph Virchow
E) Schleiden and Schwann

Accepted Answer

Schleiden and Schwann are credited with developing the cell theory, which states that all living things are composed of cells and that the cell is the basic unit of life.

Question 17

Cell structures that apparently function in controlling the addition of cellulose to the cell wall, in steering vesicles from Golgi bodies to the cell wall, and in aiding movement within the cell are
A) thylakoids.
B) ribosomes.
C) mitochondria.
D) microtubules.
E) lysosomes.

Accepted Answer

Microtubules play a key role in cell structure and movement, including the transport of vesicles and the organization of the cell's cytoskeleton, which is crucial for the processes described such as guiding vesicles from the Golgi apparatus to the cell wall and contributing to intracellular movement.

Question 18

Which of the following do NOT develop from proplastids?
A) chloroplasts
B) chromoplasts
C) symplasts
D) leucoplasts
E) amyloplasts

Accepted Answer

Proplastids are undifferentiated plant cell structures that can develop into various types of plastids, including chloroplasts, chromoplasts, leucoplasts, and amyloplasts, which are involved in photosynthesis, pigment storage, and starch storage, respectively. Symplasts, however, are not derived from proplastids; they refer to the network of cytoplasm of multiple cells connected by plasmodesmata, not a type of plastid.

Question 19

________ microscopes allow scientists to see atomic structure of molecules.
A) Compound
B) Scanning electron
C) Dissecting
D) Scanning tunneling
E) Confocal scanning

Accepted Answer

Scanning tunneling microscopes (STMs) are designed to image surfaces at the atomic level. They work by scanning a very sharp tip close to the surface of a sample and measuring the tunneling current between the tip and the sample, which allows for the visualization of the atomic and molecular structure of the surface.

Question 20

The feature of a microscope that determines its greatest useful magnification is the ________.
A) resolution
B) intensity of the light source
C) type of light used
D) use of stains and dyes
E) None of these

Accepted Answer

The resolution of a microscope, which is its ability to distinguish two points as separate entities, fundamentally determines its greatest useful magnification. Higher resolution allows for clearer and more detailed images at higher magnifications.

Quiz 3: Cells

Which of the following would be found in a eukaryotic cell but NOT in a prokaryotic cell?

Which of the following is NOT a component of cell walls?

According to the endosymbiotic theory

Who first saw boxlike compartments with a simple microscope and named them "cells"?

Mitochondria are

Which of the following are common to nearly all plant and animal cells?

The fluid within cells in which the nucleus and other organelles are suspended is

The watery fluid found in vacuoles is called

In a mature, functioning, healthy cell with a nucleus, which of the following is extracellular?

The cell wall functions ________.

Prokaryotic cells are characteristic of ; eukaryotic cells are characteristic of .

________ allow people to view objects smaller than 2 micrometers.

Cell membranes are made up of a mosaic of ________.

Which of the following are primary constituents of cell membranes?

The outer boundary of living protoplasm in a plant cell is a

Which of the following is/are generally credited with developing the cell theory?

Cell structures that apparently function in controlling the addition of cellulose to the cell wall, in steering vesicles from Golgi bodies to the cell wall, and in aiding movement within the cell are

Which of the following do NOT develop from proplastids?

________ microscopes allow scientists to see atomic structure of molecules.

The feature of a microscope that determines its greatest useful magnification is the ________.