Question 1

If you label all of the people seated in your classroom as "students," which process are you using?
A) observation
B) conceptualization
C) classification
D) organization

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

Which of the following terms best describes the thought process of grouping all chairs-wooden, metal, upholstered, and hard-into a single category?
A) observation
B) conceptualization
C) concretization
D) operationalization

Accepted Answer

Conceptualization is the process of defining a concept in abstract terms, which in this case involves grouping various types of chairs into a single category based on their shared function or identity as chairs, despite their differences in material or design.

Question 3

Where is the abstract level of experience located?
A) in the mind
B) in percepts
C) in sensations
D) in perceptual patterns

Accepted Answer

The abstract level of experience is located in the mind, as it is where abstract thinking, conceptualization, and the processing of experiences into higher-level ideas occur.

Question 4

Consider this statement: "People with more intelligence have better sex lives." What does this statement exemplify?
A) a pattern
B) a concept
C) a percept
D) a proposition

Accepted Answer

This statement exemplifies a proposition, which is a statement or assertion that expresses a judgment or opinion. In this case, it's asserting a relationship between intelligence and the quality of one's sex life.

Question 5

What must an individual do in order to form a proposition?
A) Find a relationship between percepts.
B) Find a relationship between concepts.
C) Perceive patterns.
D) Perceive isolated percepts.

Accepted Answer

To form a proposition, an individual must find a relationship between concepts. A proposition is a statement that expresses a judgment or opinion, which is typically composed of concepts that are related in a meaningful way to convey a specific idea or assertion.

Question 6

The textbook makes a point that concrete level of experience is, by itself, which of the following?
A) meaningless
B) meaningful
C) reliable
D) unreliable

Accepted Answer

Concrete level of experience is, by itself, meaningless because it lacks context and interpretation.

Question 7

John tells Renée, "If you work hard you can get ahead, because my parents told me that this has happened to several people they know." What type of unscientific thinking is John guilty of?
A) traditional thinking
B) casual observation
C) authoritative observation
D) overgeneralization

Accepted Answer

The answer of John tells Renée, "If you work hard...

Question 8

Which of the following terms refers to knowledge based on customary assumptions that may or may not be accurate?
A) grounded thinking
B) scientific thinking
C) unscientific thinking
D) groundless thinking

Accepted Answer

Unscientific thinking refers to beliefs or assumptions not based on scientific method or empirical evidence, which can include customary or traditional beliefs that may not be accurate.

Question 9

Research has found that many television viewers watch only news broadcasts on channels that support their political views and never tune in to those that advocate opposing political views. This increases the likelihood of which type of unscientific thinking?
A) selective observation
B) casual observation
C) illogical reasoning
D) mystification

Accepted Answer

Selective observation occurs when individuals focus only on events or evidence that confirm their existing beliefs or expectations, ignoring evidence that contradicts them. In this context, watching only news broadcasts that support one's political views and avoiding those with opposing views is a classic example of selective observation, as it involves selectively attending to information that aligns with one's pre-existing beliefs.

Question 10

Two observers standing on a street corner saw an automobile accident. While both observers witnessed the same event, they disagreed over which driver was responsible for the accident. What does this situation illustrate?
A) systematic observation
B) casual observation
C) direct observation
D) indirect observation

Accepted Answer

This situation illustrates casual observation, where individuals observe events in a non-systematic, informal manner, leading to subjective interpretations and potential disagreements over what was witnessed.

Question 11

Every year, before farmers plant their crops, a community holds a parade. While the parade does not influence the harvest in any demonstrable way, some community members believe that a good parade increases the crop yield. What does this example illustrate?
A) sociological thinking
B) scientific thinking
C) formal thinking
D) traditional thinking

Accepted Answer

This example illustrates traditional thinking, as it shows how a community adheres to customs or beliefs handed down through generations without empirical evidence to support the efficacy of those practices in influencing outcomes, such as crop yields.

Question 12

"Canada should have less inequality." What kind of statement is this?
A) a concrete pattern
B) an abstract pattern
C) a concrete proposition
D) an abstract proposition

Accepted Answer

This statement is an abstract proposition because it expresses a judgment or opinion that cannot be directly observed or measured, making it abstract rather than concrete.

Question 13

Which of the following represents a pattern?
A) a collection of notes in a song
B) a letter in a word in a book
C) a dot on a page in a graph
D) a brick in a wall in a garden

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following represents a pattern?
A)...

Question 14

What are the basic units of the abstract level of experience?
A) percepts
B) patterns
C) concepts
D) propositions

Accepted Answer

Concepts are the basic units of the abstract level of experience, as they represent generalized ideas or categories that help us understand and organize information.

Question 15

At which level of experience do seeing, touching, tasting, smelling, and hearing occur?
A) the abstract level
B) the symbolic level
C) the concrete level
D) the sensate level

Accepted Answer

Seeing, touching, tasting, smelling, and hearing are sensory experiences that occur at the concrete level, where individuals interact directly with the physical world.

Question 16

Life is meaningful for humans because of which level of experience?
A) the abstract level
B) the traditional level
C) the concrete level
D) the sensate level

Accepted Answer

The abstract level is the highest level of experience and is characterized by a deep understanding of the meaning of life.

Question 17

According to the textbook, what is the aim of sociological research?
A) to generate meaningful abstract propositions
B) to identify reliable and valid concrete patterns
C) to link abstract patterns to concrete propositions
D) to connect abstract and concrete levels of experience

Accepted Answer

The aim of sociological research is to connect abstract and concrete levels of experience, bridging theoretical concepts with real-world phenomena to understand social patterns and behaviors.

Question 18

Which of the following is a feature of concrete experience as discussed in the textbook?
A) It is meaningful in and of itself.
B) It defines humans as separate from all living beings.
C) It is accessible only to the most sensitive humans.
D) It occurs among all living beings.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a feature...

Question 19

What does the textbook example of OTTFFSSENT demonstrate?
A) Our understanding of reality is shaped by our experience.
B) Our experience is shaped by objective reality.
C) Children perceive reality more objectively than adults.
D) Adults perceive reality more objectively than children.

Accepted Answer

The textbook example of OTTFFSSENT (which stands for One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten) demonstrates how our understanding of reality is shaped by our experience, as it requires prior knowledge of the sequence of numbers and their initial letters to be understood.

Question 20

At what level of experience do patterns occur?
A) the abstract level
B) the symbolic level
C) the concrete level
D) the sensate level

Accepted Answer

The answer of At what level of experience do patterns...

Quiz 2: How Sociologists Do Research

If you label all of the people seated in your classroom as "students," which process are you using?

Which of the following terms best describes the thought process of grouping all chairs-wooden, metal, upholstered, and hard-into a single category?

Where is the abstract level of experience located?

Consider this statement: "People with more intelligence have better sex lives." What does this statement exemplify?

What must an individual do in order to form a proposition?

The textbook makes a point that concrete level of experience is, by itself, which of the following?

John tells Renée, "If you work hard you can get ahead, because my parents told me that this has happened to several people they know." What type of unscientific thinking is John guilty of?

Which of the following terms refers to knowledge based on customary assumptions that may or may not be accurate?

Research has found that many television viewers watch only news broadcasts on channels that support their political views and never tune in to those that advocate opposing political views. This increases the likelihood of which type of unscientific thinking?

Two observers standing on a street corner saw an automobile accident. While both observers witnessed the same event, they disagreed over which driver was responsible for the accident. What does this situation illustrate?

Every year, before farmers plant their crops, a community holds a parade. While the parade does not influence the harvest in any demonstrable way, some community members believe that a good parade increases the crop yield. What does this example illustrate?

"Canada should have less inequality." What kind of statement is this?

Which of the following represents a pattern?

What are the basic units of the abstract level of experience?

At which level of experience do seeing, touching, tasting, smelling, and hearing occur?

Life is meaningful for humans because of which level of experience?

According to the textbook, what is the aim of sociological research?

Which of the following is a feature of concrete experience as discussed in the textbook?

What does the textbook example of OTTFFSSENT demonstrate?

At what level of experience do patterns occur?