How Are Global Retailers Like IKEA, Costco, and Walmart Becoming

How are global retailers like IKEA, Costco, and Walmart becoming major domestic middlemen for international markets?

A) They maintain their core marketing approaches while localizing the array of products, promotions, and other peripheral aspects of their operations.
B) They work under the names of the manufacturers and function as low-cost, independent marketing departments with direct responsibility to the parent firms.
C) They have minimum investment costs as they do not commit to investing in company personnel.
D) They serve as the producer's export department but have a short-term relationship, cover only one or two markets, and operate on a straight commission basis.
E) They offer reduction of export costs, demand expansion through promotion, trade barrier reduction, and improvement of trade terms through bilateral bargaining.