Question 1

What factors are important to consider in the diagnosis of intellectual disability?

Accepted Answer

All the options listed are important factors to consider in the diagnosis of intellectual disability. Cultural relevance of IQ scores, community standards of independence, and cultural standards of social responsibility all play a significant role in accurately diagnosing and understanding intellectual disability within the context of an individual's environment and cultural background.

Question 2

Down Syndrome can be identified pre-natally in high-risk parents by using a procedure which involves extracting and analysing the pregnant mother's amniotic fluid.This is now a routine procedure for pregnant mothers that is carried out after how many weeks of pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Amniocentesis, the procedure for extracting and analyzing amniotic fluid, is typically performed between the 15th and 20th weeks of pregnancy, with the most common timeframe being after the 15th week. This allows for the detection of chromosomal abnormalities such as Down Syndrome.

Question 3

A UK study looking specifically at the prevalence of IQ scores below 70 suggests a prevalence rate of _______ in school children aged 13-15 years.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A UK study looking specifically at the...

Question 4

Down syndrome risk is related to the age of the mother.For women aged 40 years the risk is:

Accepted Answer

The risk of Down syndrome for a 40-year-old mother is approximately 1%.

Question 5

DSM-5 allows Intellectual Disability to be specified according to severity.Rather than being 'impaired',an individual may instead be socially ________.

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 specifies intellectual disability severity based on adaptive functioning, and "immature" is a term used to describe social functioning that is not age-appropriate, aligning with the DSM-5's approach.

Question 6

Down Syndrome has a prevalence rate of?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Down Syndrome has a prevalence rate of?
...

Question 7

The majority of individuals with Down Syndrome have moderate to severe intellectual impairment with a measurable IQ usually between:

Accepted Answer

The majority of individuals with Down Syndrome have moderate to severe intellectual impairment, with a measurable IQ usually between 35-55. This range is considered indicative of mild to moderate intellectual disability.

Question 8

The American Association of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities has taken an alternative approach to categorising intellectual and adaptive impairments.Instead,they have focused on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The American Association of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities emphasizes a holistic view of individuals, recognizing both their strengths and limitations, rather than focusing solely on their impairments. This approach encourages a more balanced and supportive understanding of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Question 9

Chromosomal disorders account for around ______ of all diagnosed cases of intellectual disability.

Accepted Answer

Chromosomal disorders account for around 25-30% of all diagnosed cases of intellectual disability.

Question 10

Down syndrome risk is related to the age of the mother.For women aged 20-24 years the risk is:

Accepted Answer

The risk of Down syndrome is related to the age of the mother. For women aged 20-24 years, the risk is 0.07%.

Question 11

Down Syndrome can be identified pre-natally in high-risk parents by using a procedure known as:

Accepted Answer

Amniocentesis is a medical procedure used in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections, including the identification of Down Syndrome, by sampling amniotic fluid.

Question 12

Down syndrome risk is related to the age of the mother.For women aged over 45 years the risk is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Down syndrome risk is related to the...

Question 13

A successful set of techniques used to address stuttering is known as:

Accepted Answer

Prolonged speech is a technique used to reduce stuttering by slowing down the rate of speech, which can help improve fluency.

Question 14

Down Syndrome was first described by British doctor Langdon Down in 1866.However,it was not until 1959 that French geneticist Jerome Lejeune first reported that individuals with Down Syndrome almost always possess an extra chromosome in which pair?

Accepted Answer

Jerome Lejeune discovered that Down Syndrome is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, making it also known as trisomy 21.

Question 15

Intellectual disabilities are defined primarily by which of the following criteria?

Accepted Answer

Intellectual disabilities are characterized by significantly below average intellectual functioning, impairments in adaptive functioning in various domains (such as social and practical skills), and these deficits must be evident before the age of 18 years. Therefore, all the listed criteria (A, B, and C) are correct.

Question 16

Another important chromosomal abnormality that causes intellectual disability is known as fragile X syndrome.This is where the X chromosome appears to show physical weaknesses and may be bent or broken.Fragile X syndrome occurs in approximately what percentage of all births?

Accepted Answer

Fragile X syndrome occurs in approximately 1 in 2500 to 1 in 4000 males and 1 in 4000 to 1 in 8000 females, which translates to about 0.025% to 0.04% of all births, making option D correct.

Question 17

Down Syndrome can be identified pre-natally in high-risk parents by using a procedure which involves extracting and analysing the pregnant mother's amniotic fluid.This is recommended in the UK and US for mothers over what age?

Accepted Answer

In the UK and US, it is recommended that mothers over the age of 35 undergo amniocentesis or other prenatal tests to screen for Down Syndrome, as the risk of chromosomal abnormalities increases with maternal age.

Question 18

Which of the following is an impairment known to be associated with fragile X syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Fragile X syndrome is associated with a range of impairments including language impairment, behavioral problems, and moderate levels of intellectual disability, making all of the listed options correct.

Question 19

Mild or moderate intellectual disability tends to occur more frequently in which of the following groups?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mild or moderate intellectual disability tends to...

Question 20

In the UK,the Special Education Needs & Disability Act of 2001 extended the rights of individuals with intellectual disabilities to be educated in mainstream schools.What are schools required to draw up to facilitate the inclusion of pupils with intellectual disabilities and to make reasonable adjustments so that they are not disadvantaged?

Accepted Answer

The Special Education Needs & Disability Act of 2001 requires schools to draw up Accessibility Strategies to ensure that pupils with intellectual disabilities can access education alongside their peers and are not disadvantaged, making reasonable adjustments to facilities and teaching methods as necessary.

Quiz 17: Neurodevelopmental Disorders