Question 1

Parkinson's Disease occurs as a result of damage in the basal ganglia,particularly the region of the basal ganglia known as the _______:

Accepted Answer

The substantia nigra is a region in the basal ganglia that plays an important role in movement control. Damage to the neurons in this area, which produce dopamine, leads to Parkinson's Disease.

Question 2

Medication can also be successful in reducing disability following cerebrovascular accidents such as strokes.What is the use of drugs to break up or dissolve blood clots called?

Accepted Answer

Thrombolytic therapy is the use of drugs to dissolve blood clots, which can help reduce disability following strokes by restoring blood flow.

Question 3

Estimates of NCD with Lewy Bodies suggest that this form of neurocognitive disorder many account for up to ______ of all dementias.

Accepted Answer

NCD with Lewy Bodies is the second most common form of neurocognitive disorder after Alzheimer's disease, accounting for approximately 20% of all dementias.

Question 4

Holistic rehabilitation methods for cognitive impairments addresses which of the following impairments?

Accepted Answer

Holistic rehabilitation methods aim to address a range of impairments, including cognitive, emotional, and motivational, to provide comprehensive support for individuals.

Question 5

Huntington's Disease is an inherited,degenerative disorder of the central nervous system,caused by a dominant gene.This means that everyone who inherits the gene from one of his/her parents will develop the disease with _____ likelihood:

Accepted Answer

Huntington's Disease is caused by an autosomal dominant gene, meaning if a person inherits the gene from just one parent, they have a 50% chance of developing the disease.

Question 6

An alternative approach to dealing with attention deficits is not to try and improve attention itself,but to provide the client with some compensatory skills that will allow them to effectively manage their slowed information processing.This is known as:

Accepted Answer

Time pressure management is a strategy that involves teaching individuals how to manage their tasks and time more effectively to compensate for difficulties with attention and information processing speed. It doesn't directly improve attention but helps individuals cope with its deficits by adjusting their approach to tasks and time management.

Question 7

Early symptoms of Huntingdon's Disease may include:

Accepted Answer

Huntington's Disease can manifest early symptoms such as mood swings, clumsiness, and changes in personality, including rudeness, as it affects the brain and leads to cognitive, motor, and psychiatric symptoms.

Question 8

Parkinson's Disease is associated with degeneration in the substantia nigra area of the brain,where the important neurotransmitter dopamine is produced.What is the main drug that is used to counteract this decline in dopamine?

Accepted Answer

Levodopa is the main drug used to counteract the decline in dopamine in patients with Parkinson's Disease. It is converted into dopamine in the brain, helping to replenish the diminished supply.

Question 9

In the case of HIV-1 associated dementia,drugs effective in reducing the severity of HIV dementia are known as:

Accepted Answer

Antiretrovirals are effective in reducing the severity of HIV-1 associated dementia by controlling the replication of the virus, thereby reducing its impact on the brain and cognitive functions.

Question 10

The genetic abnormality in Huntington's Disease is found on the fourth chromosome.This results in the production of a protein which causes cell death in the basal ganglia.This protein is called:

Accepted Answer

The genetic abnormality in Huntington's Disease leads to the production of Mutant Huntington (mHtt) protein, which is responsible for cell death in the basal ganglia.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a cholinesterase inhibitor that is known to help slow the progress of degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease?

Accepted Answer

Amphetamine is not a cholinesterase inhibitor; it is a central nervous system stimulant. Donepezil, Galantamine, and Rivastigmine are all cholinesterase inhibitors used to manage symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease.

Question 12

The rehabilitation programme of visual scanning involves individuals completing which of the following tasks?

Accepted Answer

The rehabilitation programme of visual scanning can involve a variety of tasks designed to improve visual attention and the ability to scan the visual field. This can include manually tracking objects, navigating simulated environments to avoid obstacles, and identifying or reading specific visual stimuli. All the options listed (A, B, C) are examples of tasks that could be used in such a programme to help individuals improve their visual scanning abilities.

Question 13

A recently developed form of treatment for Parkinson's Disease involves using a surgically implanted,battery-operated device called a neurostimulator to deliver electrical stimulation to the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus or the subthalamic nucleus area in the basal ganglia.What is this treatment known as?

Accepted Answer

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical treatment involving the implantation of a medical device called a neurostimulator, which sends electrical impulses to specific targets in the brain for the treatment of movement and neuropsychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's Disease. It commonly targets areas such as the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus or the subthalamic nucleus.

Question 14

The mass practice of verbal responses in which the patient may be required to communicate without gesturing or pointing to describe various objects of varying complexity is known as:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The mass practice of verbal responses in...

Question 15

Post-mortem studies of individuals with Parkinson's Disease suggest an association between dementia and Lewy body deposition.Lewy bodies are:

Accepted Answer

Lewy bodies are abnormal protein deposits, specifically alpha-synuclein, that disrupt the brain's normal functioning and are associated with Parkinson's Disease and dementia.

Question 16

According to the Parkinson's Disease Society (2006),it is estimated that how many people in the UK suffer from Parkinson's Disease?

Accepted Answer

The Parkinson's Disease Society (2006) estimated that approximately 130,000 people in the UK suffer from Parkinson's Disease.

Question 17

One form of rehabilitation training for attention deficits is known as Attention Process Training (APT).APT has been shown to be superior to basic therapeutic support in which TWO of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

The answer of One form of rehabilitation training for attention...

Question 18

The fact that depression appears to be a biological risk factor for a number of degenerative dementias has given rise to the view that depression may be accompanied by an allostatic state,which is:

Accepted Answer

An allostatic state refers to the body's way of achieving stability through physiological or behavioral change, which in the context of depression and its association with degenerative dementias, is best described as a biological state of stress. This encompasses the body's response to stressors at a biological level, including hormonal, cellular, and systemic changes.

Question 19

A common symptom of left hemisphere damage which consists of a deficit in performing gestures to verbal command or imitation is called:

Accepted Answer

Limb apraxia is a neurological disorder characterized by the inability to perform purposeful movements or gestures, despite having the desire and physical ability to perform them. This condition often results from damage to the left hemisphere of the brain, which is involved in planning and executing movements.

Quiz 15: Neurocognitive Disorders