Question 1

A woman has been unable to complete a full-term pregnancy because the fertilized ovum failed to implant in the uterus. This is most likely due to a lack of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone is crucial for preparing the uterine lining for implantation of the fertilized ovum and for maintaining early pregnancy. A deficiency in progesterone can lead to failure of the ovum to implant in the uterus.

Question 2

The true moment of fertilization occurs when what happens?

Accepted Answer

The true moment of fertilization is when the nuclei of the sperm and the ovum unite, combining their genetic material to form a new organism.

Question 3

The nurse is creating a handout on reproduction for teen clients. Which piece of information should the nurse include in this handout?

Accepted Answer

Ova can survive for 12-24 hours in the fallopian tube if not fertilized, which is a key fact about reproduction.

Question 4

The nurse explains to a preconception class that if only a small volume of sperm is discharged into the vagina, an insufficient quantity of enzymes might be released when they encounter the ovum. In that case, pregnancy would probably not result, because of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Sperm release enzymes that are crucial for penetrating the zona pellucida, the protective outer layer of the ovum. If an insufficient quantity of enzymes is released due to a small volume of sperm, sperm would struggle to penetrate this barrier, hindering fertilization.

Question 5

A pregnant woman tells the nurse-midwife, "I've heard that if I eat certain foods during my pregnancy, the baby will be a boy." The nurse-midwife should explain that this is a myth, and that the sex of the baby is determined at what time?

Accepted Answer

The sex of the baby is determined at the time of fertilization when the sperm carrying either an X or Y chromosome fertilizes the egg, which always carries an X chromosome.

Question 6

A nurse teaches newly pregnant clients that if an ovum is fertilized and implants in the endometrium, the hormone the fertilized egg begins to secrete is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is the hormone that a fertilized egg begins to secrete after implanting in the endometrium. It is essential for maintaining the corpus luteum and thus the production of progesterone, which is necessary to sustain the early stages of pregnancy.

Question 7

A client tells you that her mother was a twin, two of her sisters have twins, and several cousins either are twins or gave birth to twins. The client, too, is expecting twins. Because there is a genetic predisposition to twins in her family, there is a good chance that the client will have what type of twins?

Accepted Answer

Dizygotic twins, also known as fraternal twins, are the result of two separate eggs being fertilized by two separate sperm. The genetic predisposition to have twins, especially when mentioned in the context of family history, typically refers to the increased likelihood of having dizygotic twins. This is because factors such as the mother's genetics can influence the likelihood of releasing multiple eggs during ovulation, which can lead to dizygotic twinning. Monozygotic (identical) twins, on the other hand, result from a single fertilized egg splitting into two embryos and do not have a strong hereditary component.

Question 8

The student nurse encounters a 15-year-old girl who reports that she has no pubic or axillary hair and has not yet experienced growth of her breasts. The student asks the nurse about the physiology of this occurrence. The nurse explains that the client probably lacks which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females, including the growth of breasts and the appearance of pubic and axillary hair. A lack of estrogen could explain the absence of these developments in the 15-year-old girl.

Question 9

Student nurses in their obstetrical rotation are learning about fertilization and implantation. The process of implantation is characterized by which statements?
Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

Accepted Answer

Implantation involves the trophoblast attaching to the endometrium, the blastocyst implanting after the zona pellucida disappears, and the trophoblast forming chorionic villi.

Question 10

What is the function of the scrotum?

Accepted Answer

The scrotum functions to protect the testes and maintain an optimal temperature for sperm production and survival, which is slightly lower than the body's core temperature.

Question 11

The nurse is preparing a class on reproduction. What is the cell division process called that results in two identical cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis is the cell division process that results in two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell. This process is crucial for growth, development, and tissue repair in multicellular organisms.

Question 12

What are the three functions of cervical mucosa?
Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

Accepted Answer

Cervical mucosa provides lubrication for the vaginal canal (B), creates an alkaline environment to protect sperm from acidic vaginal secretions (D), and acts as a bacteriostatic agent to inhibit bacterial growth (E).

Question 13

The nurse is creating a poster for pregnant mothers. Which description of fetal development should the nurse include?

Accepted Answer

Most organs are formed by the end of the embryonic period, which is around 8 weeks after fertilization. This period is crucial for organogenesis. The other options contain inaccuracies: there are three primary germ layers (not four), cells divide and differentiate (not just become larger) after fertilization, and the embryonic stage lasts until about 10 weeks post-fertilization, not 5 months.

Question 14

A woman is experiencing mittelschmerz and increased vaginal discharge. Her temperature has increased by 0.6°C (1.0°F) over the past 36 hours. This most likely indicates what?

Accepted Answer

Mittelschmerz, increased vaginal discharge, and a slight rise in temperature are indicators that ovulation has already occurred. These symptoms are associated with the release of an egg from the ovary, which typically leads to a rise in basal body temperature and can cause mid-cycle pain known as mittelschmerz.

Question 15

The nurse is explaining the difference between meiosis and mitosis. Which statements would be best?
Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

Accepted Answer

Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in gametes with half the genetic material of the original cell, while mitosis results in two identical cells with the same genetic material as the original.

Question 16

The nurse is presenting a community education session on female hormones. Which statement from a participant indicates the need for further information?

Accepted Answer

Prostaglandins are involved in the process of inflammation and pain modulation, and they play roles in body functions such as the induction of labor and regulation of blood flow, not directly in achieving conception. Their role in fertility is more related to preparing the endometrium for implantation and regulating ovulation, rather than directly achieving conception.

Question 17

Ovarian hormones include which of the following?
Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ovarian hormones include which of the following?
Note:...

Question 18

The nurse is caring for a client pregnant with twins. Which statement indicates that the client needs additional information?

Accepted Answer

Identical twins result from a single fertilized egg splitting into two, and they will always be of the same sex. However, just because twins are both boys does not automatically mean they are identical; they could also be fraternal twins resulting from two separate eggs fertilized by two separate sperm.

Question 19

What are the three functions of the fallopian tubes?
Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

Accepted Answer

The fallopian tubes transport the ovum from the ovary to the uterus, provide a nourishing environment for the ovum or zygote, and are the site where fertilization typically occurs. They do not secrete large amounts of estrogens (that's primarily the ovaries' role) nor are they involved in supporting and protecting pelvic contents in the way described.

Question 20

The female and male reproductive organs are homologous, which means what?

Accepted Answer

Homologous organs are those that originate from the same embryonic tissues and have a common evolutionary origin, but may have different functions. In the context of male and female reproductive organs, this means they share fundamental similarities in structure and development, despite their different roles in reproduction.

Quiz 9: Reproductive Physiology, Conception, and Fetal Development