Question 1

Match each term below with the appropriate description.

-Status epilepticus

Accepted Answer

Status epilepticus is considered a true neurological emergency because it involves continuous seizures or a series of seizures without full recovery in between, requiring immediate medical intervention to prevent permanent damage or life-threatening complications.

Question 2

Match each mechanism of action below with the appropriate medication or category.
-COMT

Accepted Answer

COMT inhibitors block the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase, which is responsible for metabolizing levodopa, thereby increasing its availability in the brain.

Question 3

Match each mechanism of action below with the appropriate medication or category.
-NMDA receptor antagonist (memantine)

Accepted Answer

Memantine works by interfering with the neurotransmitter glutamate, which is believed to be involved in learning and memory. It is used in the management of Alzheimer's disease, particularly in the moderate to severe stages, not the earlier stages as the choice might misleadingly suggest. However, among the given options, it is the closest match to memantine's mechanism of action.

Question 4

Match each mechanism of action below with the appropriate medication or category.
-Anticholinergics

Accepted Answer

Anticholinergics are used to treat Parkinson-like tremors, including those associated with the long-term use of antipsychotics, by blocking the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Question 5

Match each disorder with the drug classifications used to treat it below.
-First- and second-generation anti-convulsants

Accepted Answer

First- and second-generation anti-convulsants are primarily used to treat seizures, which makes option C the correct match.

Question 6

Match each mechanism of action below with the appropriate medication or category.
-Dopamine agonist

Accepted Answer

Dopamine agonists are used as a "levodopa-sparing strategy" and may have a neuroprotective effect with greater specificity to dopamine receptors.

Question 7

The drug used for management of absence epilepsy only is ______.

Accepted Answer

Ethosuximide (Zarontin) is specifically indicated for the management of absence seizures, which are a type of epilepsy characterized by brief, sudden lapses in attention. Other options like phenytoin, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine are used for different types of seizures but are not the drugs of choice for absence epilepsy.

Question 8

Match each term below with the appropriate description.

-Unilateral seizures

Accepted Answer

Unilateral seizures specifically affect only one side of the body, indicating that the seizure activity is localized to one hemisphere of the brain.

Question 9

Partial seizures may include which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Partial seizures may include which of the...

Question 10

Match each disorder with the drug classifications used to treat it below.
-anticholinergics and changing drug, dose or discontinuing

Accepted Answer

DIP (Drug-Induced Parkinsonism) is often managed by either discontinuing the causative drug, reducing its dose, or switching to a different medication. Anticholinergics can also be used to treat the symptoms of DIP, as they help to restore the balance between dopamine and acetylcholine in the brain, which is often disrupted in Parkinsonism.

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE of absence seizures?

Accepted Answer

Absence seizures most commonly occur in children, typically between the ages of 4 and 14. They are characterized by brief, sudden lapses in attention or consciousness, often without any other associated symptoms or convulsions.

Question 12

Match each term below with the appropriate description.

-Absence seizures

Accepted Answer

Absence seizures are characterized by brief, sudden lapses in attention and consciousness, often without other noticeable symptoms. This makes option A the correct description, as it mentions a 10- to 30-second loss of consciousness without falling, which is typical for absence seizures and often observed in children.

Question 13

Match each term below with the appropriate description.

-Partial seizures

Accepted Answer

Partial seizures, also known as focal seizures, often involve complex symptoms such as confusion, impaired understanding and judgment, staggering, purposeless movements, bizarre behavior, and unintelligible sounds.

Question 14

Match each mechanism of action below with the appropriate medication or category.
-Anticonvulsants

Accepted Answer

Anticonvulsants are primarily used to reduce the number and/or severity of seizures, making option A the correct match for this category.

Question 15

Match each disorder with the drug classifications used to treat it below.
-anticonvulsants, opioids, benzodiazepines, and dopamine agonists

Accepted Answer

Dopamine agonists are used to treat Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS).

Question 16

Match each term below with the appropriate description.

-Tonic-clonic seizures

Accepted Answer

Tonic-clonic seizures are characterized by a loss of consciousness, falling, and then going through phases of muscle stiffening (tonic) followed by jerking movements (clonic), which are considered a primary generalized type of seizure.

Question 17

Match each disorder with the drug classifications used to treat it below.
-Dopamine replacement and agonists, anticholinergics, COMT inhibitors, MAO B inhibitors, and other agents.

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease is treated with a variety of medications including dopamine replacement and agonists (to supplement or mimic the action of dopamine, which is deficient in Parkinson's disease), anticholinergics (to help balance the levels of neurotransmitters), COMT inhibitors (to prevent the breakdown of dopamine), and MAO B inhibitors (to slow the breakdown of dopamine). These treatments aim to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Question 18

Which statement is TRUE of unilateral seizures?

Accepted Answer

Unilateral seizures affect only one side of the body, distinguishing them from generalized seizures that involve the entire brain and often result in loss of consciousness or widespread muscle contractions.

Question 19

Tonic-clonic seizures are characterized by _________.

Accepted Answer

Tonic-clonic seizures, also known as grand mal seizures, are characterized by an initial tonic phase where muscles stiffen and a subsequent clonic phase where there are rhythmic muscle contractions. These seizures typically involve a loss of consciousness and falling, which is accurately described in option A.

Question 20

Match each disorder with the drug classifications used to treat it below.
-cholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA receptor agonists

Accepted Answer

Cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor agonists are used to treat Alzheimer's disease.

Quiz 22: Anticonvulsants, Antiparkinsonian Drugs, and Agents for Alzheimers Disease

Match each term below with the appropriate description. -Status epilepticus

Match each mechanism of action below with the appropriate medication or category. -COMT

Match each mechanism of action below with the appropriate medication or category. -NMDA receptor antagonist (memantine)

Match each mechanism of action below with the appropriate medication or category. -Anticholinergics

Match each disorder with the drug classifications used to treat it below. -First- and second-generation anti-convulsants

Match each mechanism of action below with the appropriate medication or category. -Dopamine agonist

The drug used for management of absence epilepsy only is ______.

Match each term below with the appropriate description. -Unilateral seizures

Partial seizures may include which of the following characteristics?

Match each disorder with the drug classifications used to treat it below. -anticholinergics and changing drug, dose or discontinuing

Which of the following is TRUE of absence seizures?

Match each term below with the appropriate description. -Absence seizures

Match each term below with the appropriate description. -Partial seizures

Match each mechanism of action below with the appropriate medication or category. -Anticonvulsants

Match each disorder with the drug classifications used to treat it below. -anticonvulsants, opioids, benzodiazepines, and dopamine agonists

Match each term below with the appropriate description. -Tonic-clonic seizures

Match each disorder with the drug classifications used to treat it below. -Dopamine replacement and agonists, anticholinergics, COMT inhibitors, MAO B inhibitors, and other agents.

Which statement is TRUE of unilateral seizures?

Tonic-clonic seizures are characterized by _________.

Match each disorder with the drug classifications used to treat it below. -cholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA receptor agonists