Manuel Is Taking an Achievement Test for the Second Time

Manuel is taking an achievement test for the second time.He expresses feeling tired after attending a pep rally at school the night before,but is excited about playing in the football game tonight.The heater does not appear to be working properly.It is making a clicking sound,and the room is relatively cold.After taking the test,Manuel reports that some of the questions were easy to answer because he remembers them from the previous test.Classify the three sources of measurement error in this scenario and describe how they may impact reliability.