Which of the Following Is NOT a Legitimate Reason Why

Which of the following is NOT a legitimate reason why it is generally considered easier to estimate the cost of preferred stock than it is to estimate the cost of common stock?

A) Preferred stock generally carries with it a fixed dividend payment.
B) Preferred stock is often rated for default risk.
C) The cost of preferred stock can be calculated as a perpetuity based on the fixed dividend payment and the present stock price.
D) Calculation of the cost of preferred stock does not require any information about future preferred dividends.
E) The cost of preferred stock is simply equal to its dividend yield.