Question 1

People who adjust their behavior to best fit the situation are called ________, and people whose behavior is guided by their personality are called ________.

Accepted Answer

People who adjust their behavior to best fit the situation are called high self-monitors, and those whose behavior is guided by their personality, regardless of the situation, are called low self-monitors.

Question 2

The ________ is a personality assessment device consisting of a deck of 100 cards, each of which describes an aspect of personality. These cards are sorted into categories by the respondent.

Accepted Answer

The California Q-Set is a personality assessment tool where respondents sort cards describing personality aspects into categories, making it the correct answer.

Question 3

Research on ________ addresses important questions concerning the way that inner reality and the private self relate to external reality and the self as presented to others.

Accepted Answer

Research on self-monitoring focuses on how individuals regulate their behavior to accommodate social situations, essentially bridging the gap between their inner feelings and thoughts and the self they present to the outside world. This involves adjusting one's presentation based on the external social environment, directly addressing the relationship between internal reality and external self-presentation.

Question 4

Which approach to studying personality begins with the question "Who does that?" and then seeks to understand the traits associated with a specific behavior?

Accepted Answer

The many-trait approach starts with a specific behavior and seeks to identify the various traits associated with that behavior, essentially asking "Who does that?"

Question 5

Julie is a serious and conscientious employee; however, with her friends at happy hour on Friday afternoon she is the life of the party. According to Snyder's theory, Julie would MOST likely be

Accepted Answer

High self-monitors are adept at adjusting their behavior to fit the social cues and contexts they find themselves in. Julie's ability to be serious and conscientious at work but lively and outgoing with friends suggests she can modify her behavior based on the social setting, a characteristic of high self-monitors.

Question 6

Which trait is associated with putting more effort into hairstyles and clothing?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which trait is associated with putting more...

Question 7

A researcher who tries to discover the most important or basic personality traits that exist is taking a(n) ________ approach.

Accepted Answer

The essential-trait approach in personality psychology focuses on identifying the most crucial traits that define the core aspects of personality. This approach seeks to narrow down the vast array of human personality traits to a few fundamental ones that are most significant.

Question 8

Low self-monitors are more likely than high self-monitors to be described as

Accepted Answer

Low self-monitors tend to be more independent and less concerned with social adaptability or the impression they make on others, unlike high self-monitors who adjust their behavior to fit social situations.

Question 9

Which trait is associated with positive first impressions but more negative impressions in longer-term relationships?

Accepted Answer

Narcissism is associated with making positive first impressions due to charm and confidence, but these impressions often become more negative over time as the more exploitative and self-centered traits of narcissism become apparent in longer-term relationships.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a currently discussed explanation for narcissistic behavior?

Accepted Answer

Narcissistic behavior is often discussed in terms of maintaining an unrealistic self-concept, having trouble controlling impulses, and being motivated by power and prestige. The idea that narcissists are shy and timid but view these traits as weaknesses is not a commonly discussed explanation for narcissistic behavior.

Question 11

The items in the California Q-Set were derived from

Accepted Answer

The California Q-Set was developed by researchers who aimed to create a comprehensive list of items that could describe any person, focusing on a wide range of personality characteristics.

Question 12

A researcher taking the many-trait approach to understanding personality would likely use which of the following measurement instruments?

Accepted Answer

The California Q-Set is a comprehensive assessment tool used in the many-trait approach to understanding personality, as it evaluates a wide range of personality traits and characteristics, unlike the other options which focus on specific aspects or dimensions of personality.

Question 13

Which dimension of personality assessed by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory appears to be the one MOST responsible for obnoxious and arrogant behavior?

Accepted Answer

Entitlement/exploitativeness, a dimension assessed by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, is most associated with obnoxious and arrogant behavior. This dimension reflects a belief in one's specialness and a willingness to exploit others, which can manifest as arrogance and entitlement in interpersonal interactions.

Question 14

A researcher interested in identifying common patterns of traits that characterize whole persons will likely use a ________ approach.

Accepted Answer

The typological approach focuses on identifying common patterns of traits that characterize whole persons, grouping individuals into types based on shared characteristics.

Question 15

The MOST important advantage of Q-sorting is that it

Accepted Answer

Q-sorting forces the judge to compare all the items directly against each other, which is its most important advantage. This method ensures a more nuanced and relative assessment of traits or statements, as opposed to simply rating them in isolation.

Question 16

According to recent research about personality and energy drink preferences (Smidt & DeBono, 2011), those high in self-monitoring would likely prefer which brand of energy drink in a consumer taste test study?

Accepted Answer

High self-monitors are more likely to prefer brands that project a desirable image, and "Superstar Energy" suggests an image of success and prominence, appealing to their sensitivity to social cues and desire for a positive social image.

Question 17

A researcher who starts with an interest in delinquency and then identifies the traits associated with that category of behavior is taking a(n) ________ approach.

Accepted Answer

The many-trait approach involves starting with a behavior of interest, such as delinquency, and then identifying the various traits associated with that behavior.

Question 18

When compared to high self-monitors, people who score low in self-monitoring tend to

Accepted Answer

Low self-monitors are more likely to behave in a manner consistent with their internal states and beliefs, making them appear more honest compared to high self-monitors who adjust their behavior to match the social environment.

Question 19

Given Snyder's description of self-monitoring, you would expect someone who is low in self-monitoring to be ________ than someone high in self-monitoring.

Accepted Answer

Individuals low in self-monitoring tend to express their true feelings, attitudes, and behaviors more consistently across different situations, making them easier to judge compared to those high in self-monitoring, who adjust their behavior to fit the social context.

Question 20

A researcher seeks to understand the reasons that a person uses drugs. Which approach is the researcher MOST likely to adopt?

Accepted Answer

The many-trait approach is most suitable for understanding the reasons a person uses drugs because it considers multiple aspects of personality, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of various traits that might influence drug use.

Quiz 6: Traits and Types: the Big Five and Beyond

People who adjust their behavior to best fit the situation are called , and people whose behavior is guided by their personality are called .