The ratio of the rate of nonsynonymous to synonymous mutations (dN/dS) is equal to one if a gene is evolving ______. A dN/dS ratio greater than one indicates that the gene is evolving _____.

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The ratio of nonsynonymous (dN) to synonymous (dS) mutations being equal to one suggests that a gene is evolving neutrally, meaning mutations do not affect the organism's fitness. A dN/dS ratio greater than one indicates that the gene is evolving under positive selection, where nonsynonymous mutations confer a selective advantage.

The Ratio of the Rate of Nonsynonymous to Synonymous Mutations