Question 1

Part of the section on metamemory examined how students regulate their study strategies. If you are typical of the college students discussed in that section-and the task is relatively easy-you would be likely to

Accepted Answer

Students typically spend more time on difficult material but not as much as needed, reflecting a common study strategy where effort is increased for challenging topics, yet not optimally allocated.

Question 2

Which of the following students provides the best comparison between the term "metacognition" and the term "self-knowledge"?

Accepted Answer

Metacognition specifically relates to one's awareness and understanding of their own thought processes, such as learning strategies and cognitive skills. Self-knowledge encompasses a broader range of personal insights, including emotions, desires, and various beliefs about oneself, not limited to cognitive processes. Audrey's comparison accurately reflects these definitions.

Question 3

Suppose that you have just learned that you will have a quiz in about 30 minutes on a set of fairly difficult short essays that you haven't even glanced at. If you are like the students described in the discussion of regulating study strategies, you would

Accepted Answer

The easiest essays should be read first to build confidence and momentum.

Question 4

Suppose that you are studying for a vocabulary test, and you want to accurately predict your score in that test. Your prediction accuracy would be highest if you

Accepted Answer

Testing yourself several minutes after learning the words allows for some forgetting to occur, which makes the practice test more challenging and similar to the actual test conditions. This approach, known as spaced repetition, is more effective for long-term retention and accurately predicting test performance compared to immediate testing or basing predictions on past knowledge or difficulties.

Question 5

Chapter 6 discusses the accuracy of people's metamemory for pairs of words on an item-by-item basis. This research suggests that

Accepted Answer

People are more accurate in predicting their ability to recall specific pairs of words when they assess each pair individually, rather than making a general prediction about their overall recall ability.

Question 6

In which of the following conditions is your metamemory accuracy likely to be the highest?

Accepted Answer

Metamemory accuracy tends to be higher when there is a delay between learning and judgment. This allows for a more accurate assessment of what has been retained, as immediate judgments can be overly optimistic due to the material still being fresh in mind.

Question 7

Chapter 6 discussed college students' metamemory about factors affecting memory accuracy. According to this discussion,

Accepted Answer

Students often believe that simple rehearsal (repeating information over and over) is an effective study strategy, even though research suggests that deeper, more meaningful engagement with the material (such as elaborative rehearsal or self-explanation) is more effective for long-term retention. This belief in the effectiveness of simple rehearsal reflects a common misunderstanding about how memory works.

Question 8

Suppose that a friend is having difficulty in introductory psychology, so you decide to give her some memory tips. If you decide to emphasize metamemory, you would be likely to

Accepted Answer

Metamemory refers to one's knowledge and awareness of their own memory processes. Emphasizing metamemory would involve making someone think more about the factors that influence their memory, such as how information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.

Question 9

Harrison knows that he will typically perform better in an exam if he reads the textbook chapters in the early afternoon and if he reviews the material by trying to explain it in his own words. Harrison is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

Harrison is demonstrating metacognition, which refers to one's awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes. In this case, Harrison knows which study strategies work best for him, indicating a high level of self-awareness regarding his learning processes.

Question 10

Which of the following definitions for the term "foresight bias" is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Foresight bias refers to the tendency of individuals to overestimate their knowledge or abilities, particularly in predicting their future performance on tasks such as exams. This bias leads people to be overly confident about how well they will do, often based on their current state of understanding or preparation.

Question 11

Absentminded behavior is especially likely to occur

Accepted Answer

Absentminded behavior often happens when you need to remember to do something out of your normal routine, as it's easier to forget tasks that aren't part of your established habits.

Question 12

Prospective memory errors are especially likely to occur when you are simultaneously

Accepted Answer

Prospective memory errors are more likely when performing tasks automatically in familiar settings because the routine nature of the environment and activity does not trigger the reminder needed to remember a planned action.

Question 13

According to Baddeley's approach to working memory, the central executive plays a role when students are studying for an exam

Accepted Answer

The central executive is responsible for coordinating cognitive processes, such as planning and allocating attention, which is crucial for effectively managing study time.

Question 14

According to the research on students' distribution of their study time, they tend to

Accepted Answer

Research on study habits often finds that students tend to allocate more time to difficult items than to easy ones, but not to the extent that they exclusively focus on the difficult items. This approach reflects a balance between tackling challenging material and reinforcing easier content.

Question 15

Your textbook discussed a metamemory study that asked students to estimate their total score on a test that they had just taken. The comparison between the students' actual score and their estimated score showed that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your textbook discussed a metamemory study that...

Question 16

Which of the following students provides the best summary of why a person's confidence is important to the topic of memory strategies and metacognition?

Accepted Answer

Confidence is important in memory strategies and metacognition because people often overestimate their ability to remember material accurately, which can affect how they study and recall information.

Question 17

Part of Chapter 6 examined students' study strategies for easy and difficult material. Which of the following students provides the most accurate perspective on that research?

Accepted Answer

Research on study strategies often finds that students adapt their approach based on the perceived difficulty of the material. When tasks are easier, students might focus more on the difficult items to ensure mastery over them. Conversely, when faced with overall difficult material, students might spend more time on easier items to secure some level of understanding or success, which aligns with Sondra's perspective.

Question 18

According to the discussion of improving prospective memory,

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the discussion of improving prospective...

Question 19

If you had one important message about memory improvement that you could convey to a friend, what should it be?

Accepted Answer

Effective memory improvement often involves metacognitive strategies, such as thinking about how you study, planning your study sessions, and monitoring your understanding of the material. This approach helps in identifying what works best for you and adjusting strategies accordingly for better retention and recall.

Question 20

Why should you pay attention to metamemory if you want to improve your memory?

Accepted Answer

Metamemory refers to one's knowledge and awareness of their own memory processes. Understanding how your memory works can help you identify and utilize strategies that are most effective for your learning and recall, rather than relying on generic or less effective methods.

Quiz 6: Memory Strategies and Metacognition