Question 1

The form of therapy that focuses on coping with difficulties (such as death of a loved one or marital problems)the client presently faces or faced in the recent past is known as

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal therapy is focused on helping clients cope with the difficulties they are currently facing or recently faced, such as the death of a loved one or marital problems. It emphasizes the importance of relationships and improving communication skills to address and resolve problems in the client's interpersonal relationships. Cognitive-behavioral therapy focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns and behaviors, psychoanalysis emphasizes exploring past experiences and unconscious thoughts and feelings, and humanistic therapy emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization.

Question 2

Depressed people tend to do each of the following except

Accepted Answer

Depressed people tend to respond to failure with decreased efforts, giving up easily and feeling helpless. Therefore, option D is the exception. Options A, B, and C are characteristics commonly observed in depressed individuals.

Question 3

People with bipolar disorder alternate between periods of

Accepted Answer

People with bipolar disorder alternate between periods of depression and mania. These periods can last from a few days to several months and are characterized by extreme mood swings, changes in sleep patterns, energy levels, and behavior. Manic episodes may be accompanied by reckless behavior, grandiosity, and delusions of grandeur, while depressive episodes may lead to feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, and suicidal ideation.

Question 4

Which of the following conditions is more common among women than men?

Accepted Answer

Depression is more common among women than men. According to the World Health Organization, women are more likely to experience depression than men, with the gender gap being the widest in high-income countries. Additionally, hormonal changes, life events such as pregnancy and menopause, and social and cultural factors may contribute to higher rates of depression among women.

Question 5

What role,if any,does genetics play in severe depression?

Accepted Answer

While there is no single gene responsible for depression, research suggests that there is a genetic component to the disorder. However, depression likely depends on several genes rather than just one.

Question 6

A pessimistic explanatory style--blaming oneself for whatever goes wrong--tends to be associated with

Accepted Answer

The pessimistic explanatory style of blaming oneself for negative events is a common characteristic of those with depression.

Question 7

People who fail a task are most likely to become depressed if they attribute their failure to

Accepted Answer

When people attribute their failure to their own personal shortcomings, such as laziness or stupidity, it can lead to feelings of low self-worth and a belief that they are incapable of success, which can in turn increase the likelihood of depression. Options A and B could be considered external attributions, which may lead to frustration but are less likely to cause depression. Option D may lead to anger or resentment, but is not necessarily related to depression.

Question 8

People who suffer from depression are likely to have close relatives who suffer from

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that depression may run in families and that individuals with a family history of depression may be at a higher risk of developing the disorder. Additionally, studies have found associations between depression and other mental health conditions, such as phobias and panic disorder. Therefore, all of the above options are likely to be present in close relatives of individuals who suffer from depression.

Question 9

The way people consistently describe the reasons for their own successes or failures is called

Accepted Answer

Explanatory style refers to the way people explain the causes of events in their lives, such as success or failure. It can be either optimistic or pessimistic, and can have an impact on a person's overall well-being and mindset. Options B, C, and D are not accurate descriptions of the concept.

Question 10

Psychologist Susan Nolen-Hoeksema (1990)has suggested that one of the main reasons depression occurs more frequently in women than in men is that when women start to feel depressed they are more likely than men to

Accepted Answer

Psychologist Susan Nolen-Hoeksema suggests that women are more likely to ruminate when they feel depressed, which means that they dwell on negative thoughts and feelings. This tendency to ruminate can lead to a downward spiral of negative emotions and worsening depression. Men, on the other hand, are more likely to distract themselves from their negative feelings or engage in behaviors that temporarily mask their symptoms, such as substance abuse.

Question 11

Jill has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder.Her friends notice that she alternates between periods of

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder is characterized by periods of depression and mania. Obsessions and compulsions are more commonly associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Alcohol abuse and abstention from alcohol may be a pattern seen in individuals struggling with addiction, but is not specific to bipolar disorder. Fear and anger may be symptoms present in a variety of mental health disorders, but are not the defining features of bipolar disorder.

Question 12

People who fail a task may or may not become depressed,depending on

Accepted Answer

The reason why the participants themselves think they failed is the most significant factor in determining whether they become depressed, as it relates to their self-esteem and feelings of competence. The other listed factors do not have a direct relationship with depression and failure.

Question 13

Which of the following people would be most likely to buy a lottery ticket?

Accepted Answer

Someone who is not suffering from depression would be more likely to engage in risk-taking behavior, such as buying a lottery ticket, compared to individuals with mood disorders.

Question 14

In North America,which of these disorders is more common in females than in males?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that depression is more commonly diagnosed in females than males in North America.

Question 15

People are said to have a pessimistic explanatory style if their explanations for failure are consistently

Accepted Answer

A pessimistic explanatory style involves attributing negative events to global and stable internal factors, such as personal flaws or lack of ability. This is in contrast to an optimistic explanatory style, which attributes negative events to external factors and sees them as specific and temporary. Choice A describes an external locus of control, which is associated with an optimistic explanatory style. Choice C describes an internal locus of control, but the unstable aspect is not consistent with a pessimistic explanatory style. Choice D relates to grandiosity, which is not a factor in explanatory styles.

Question 16

A therapist instructs a client to "Buy a notebook,and for the next week record every time anyone smiles or seems happy to you." This is most likely a __________ therapist treating a client for __________.

Accepted Answer

This is a technique that a cognitive therapist might use to treat depression. The activity is designed to help the client notice and record positive interactions, which can challenge negative thought patterns and perceptions that are common in depression. Cognitive therapy focuses on changing unhelpful or unhealthy thought patterns.

Question 17

Athletes with a pessimistic explanatory style are more likely than other athletes to

Accepted Answer

Athletes with a pessimistic explanatory style are more likely to give up after a defeat as they tend to see failures as permanent and due to internal, stable factors. This can lead to feelings of helplessness and low motivation to continue trying.

Question 18

Research by psychologist Susan Nolen-Hoeksema has found that when faced with emotional distress,men tend to __________ and women tend to __________.

Accepted Answer

Research by psychologist Susan Nolen-Hoeksema has shown that in response to emotional distress, men are more likely to distract themselves, while women are more likely to ruminate. Ruminating involves continuously thinking about the aspects of situations that are upsetting, which can prolong or intensify emotional distress, whereas distracting oneself can help to manage and reduce the intensity of these feelings.

Question 19

Aaron Beck,a pioneer in cognitive therapy,says that depressed people

Accepted Answer

Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy focuses on the role of distorted thinking patterns in perpetuating depression. He found that depressed individuals tend to interpret ambiguous situations in a negative, self-blaming way. This corresponds with choice C, which states that depressed individuals interpret situations to their own disadvantage. Choices A, B, and D are all incorrect based on current research on the causes of depression.

Question 20

Suppose you fail a French test.You are most likely to become depressed as a result if you believe that you failed because

Accepted Answer

If the individual believes they failed the test because they are not a very smart person, this is a personal and global attribution that could lead to feelings of hopelessness and low self-worth, potentially leading to depression.

Quiz 16: Specific Disorders and Treatments

The form of therapy that focuses on coping with difficulties (such as death of a loved one or marital problems) the client presently faces or faced in the recent past is known as