Question 1

The type of therapy that tries to help clients who have anxiety by providing empathy and genuine acceptance is called:

Accepted Answer

Client-centered therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, focuses on providing empathy and unconditional positive regard to help clients deal with issues such as anxiety. It emphasizes the importance of a supportive and understanding therapeutic environment.

Question 2

"Generalized anxiety disorder results from repeatedly denying one's true thoughts, emotions, and behaviors." This statement BEST reflects the perspective of:

Accepted Answer

Humanistic theorists, particularly those following Carl Rogers' theories, believe that anxiety and dysfunction stem from conditions of worth imposed by society, leading individuals to deny their true thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. This denial prevents people from achieving self-actualization and can result in generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 3

To treat a client with a fire phobia, a therapist lights a candle, holds it, and permits it to burn a bit. She then invites the client to hold the candle. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Modeling involves demonstrating a behavior to help a client learn through observation. In this case, the therapist is showing the client how to safely interact with a small flame, aiming to reduce the client's phobia by example.

Question 4

According to psychodynamic theorists, in obsessive-compulsive disorder, the defense mechanisms used by the ego appear as:

Accepted Answer

In obsessive-compulsive disorder, compulsions are seen as defense mechanisms used by the ego to manage anxiety and internal conflicts.

Question 5

Derrick tries to interact with as few people as possible during the workday. He doesn't engage in any nonwork events such as birthday celebrations or happy hours because he thinks he is socially awkward and will make a fool of himself. These thoughts and symptoms are consistent with:

Accepted Answer

Derrick's behavior and thoughts are indicative of social anxiety disorder, which is characterized by a significant fear of social situations where one is exposed to possible scrutiny by others, leading to avoidance of social interactions.

Question 6

Panic disorder is commonly accompanied by:

Accepted Answer

Panic disorder is often accompanied by agoraphobia, which is the fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult or help might not be available in the event of a panic attack.

Question 7

During a therapy session to treat a phobia, the therapist confronts the object or situation feared by the client while the client observes. This approach is termed:

Accepted Answer

Modeling involves the therapist or another person demonstrating how to interact with the feared object or situation without anxiety, which can help the client learn through observation.

Question 8

Which is NOT a behavioral technique used in social skills training?

Accepted Answer

Exposure is a technique primarily used in cognitive-behavioral therapy to help individuals confront their fears and reduce anxiety, especially in the treatment of phobias and anxiety disorders, rather than being a direct technique for social skills training. Social skills training typically involves modeling, feedback, and rehearsal to improve interpersonal skills.

Question 9

Which disorder appears to have the same prevalence in women and in men?

Accepted Answer

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been found to have a similar prevalence rate among both men and women, unlike other disorders listed which tend to have a higher prevalence in women.

Question 10

A severe, persistent, and irrational fear of situations in which a person may be exposed to scrutiny, such as public speaking or performing, is called:

Accepted Answer

Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by a severe, persistent, and irrational fear of situations in which a person may be exposed to scrutiny by others, such as public speaking or performing. This fear can significantly impair daily functioning and social interactions.

Question 11

Which is NOT a physical symptom associated with panic disorder?

Accepted Answer

Vomiting is not typically listed as a direct physical symptom of panic disorder. Symptoms of panic disorder often include sweating, heart palpitations, and hot and cold flashes, among others, but vomiting is more commonly associated with other conditions or as a secondary reaction to extreme stress or anxiety, rather than a direct symptom of panic disorder itself.

Question 12

Suddenly and without warning, and without apparent cause, Melissa felt scared that she was losing control and became paralyzed with fear for several minutes. These symptoms are consistent with a(n):

Accepted Answer

Melissa's experience of sudden, intense fear and feeling paralyzed without an apparent cause is characteristic of a panic attack. Panic attacks involve abrupt surges of intense fear or discomfort that reach a peak within minutes and can include symptoms like palpitations, sweating, trembling, feelings of shortness of breath, and fears of losing control or dying. Obsessions (A) are persistent, unwanted thoughts, and compulsions (C) are repetitive behaviors driven by those thoughts, both of which are associated with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), not sudden fear episodes. Flooding (B) is a psychological treatment method for phobias, not a spontaneous experience of fear.

Question 13

The idea that human beings are "prepared" to acquire some phobias and not others flows from a _____ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The concept that humans are predisposed to develop certain phobias more easily than others is rooted in the behavioral-evolutionary perspective. This approach combines insights from evolutionary psychology, which suggests that certain fears (like those of snakes or heights) may have offered survival advantages to our ancestors, with behavioral theories that explain how such fears are learned and maintained.

Question 14

Which has DSM-5 NOT categorized as an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder?

Accepted Answer

Somatic symptom disorder is not categorized as an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder in the DSM-5. The others listed (Excoriation disorder, Body dysmorphic disorder, and Hoarding disorder) are considered related to obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 15

"The reason you are afraid to talk in public is because you believe that everyone must love and approve of you." This statement might be made by a therapist practicing:

Accepted Answer

Rational-emotive therapy (RET), developed by Albert Ellis, focuses on identifying irrational beliefs and patterns of thought that lead to emotional or behavioral issues. The statement reflects the RET approach by challenging the belief that one must be universally loved and approved of, which is seen as an irrational belief contributing to the fear of public speaking.

Question 16

The antianxiety drugs diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax) are classified as:

Accepted Answer

Diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax) are classified as benzodiazepines, which are a class of drugs primarily used for treating anxiety, but they also have sedative, hypnotic (sleep-inducing), and anticonvulsant properties.

Question 17

What perspective maintains that generalized anxiety disorder develops as a result of exposure to threatening environments?

Accepted Answer

The sociocultural perspective suggests that generalized anxiety disorder can develop due to exposure to threatening environments, as it emphasizes the role of social and cultural factors in mental health.

Question 18

To qualify for a DSM-5 diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder, the excessive or ongoing anxiety or worry must last for at least:

Accepted Answer

According to the DSM-5, for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder, the excessive or ongoing anxiety or worry must last for at least 6 months.

Question 19

Panic disorder tends to develop in:

Accepted Answer

Panic disorder most commonly develops in late adolescence or early adulthood, although it can start at any age. This period is a significant time of transition and stress, which can contribute to the onset of panic disorder.

Question 20

Current estimates indicate that in any given year, approximately _____ percent of U.S. adults have an anxiety disorder.

Accepted Answer

Current estimates suggest that about 18 percent of U.S. adults experience an anxiety disorder in any given year, making it a common mental health concern in the country.

Quiz 5: Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Related Disorders