Question 1

A clinician is evaluating a patient with erectile disorder. To determine whether physical factors are responsible for the condition, the clinician should measure:

Accepted Answer

Nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) is a measure of erections during sleep and can help differentiate between physical and psychological causes of erectile dysfunction. If NPT is normal, it suggests that the erectile dysfunction may have a psychological rather than a physical cause.

Question 2

A person who is experiencing gender dysphoria:

Accepted Answer

Gender dysphoria involves a conflict between a person's physical or assigned gender and the gender with which he/she/they identify. People with gender dysphoria may be very uncomfortable with the gender they were assigned, sometimes described as being uncomfortable with their body (particularly developments during puberty) or being uncomfortable with the expected roles of their assigned gender. It does not imply cross-dressing for sexual arousal (which is more closely associated with transvestic disorder), contentment with transgender experiences, or an inability to be categorized by the DSM-5.

Question 3

If low levels of alcohol may enhance the sex drive by lowering a person's inhibition, high levels will:

Accepted Answer

High levels of alcohol can reduce sex drive by impairing sexual function and decreasing arousal and orgasmic response, contrary to the lowering of inhibitions seen with low levels.

Question 4

What differentiates a person with gender dysphoria from a transgender person?

Accepted Answer

Gender dysphoria involves significant distress or impairment related to a discrepancy between one's experienced or expressed gender and one's assigned gender, whereas being transgender refers to identifying with a gender different from the one assigned at birth, which does not inherently involve distress.

Question 5

Generally speaking, what are the outcomes of gender reassignment surgery?

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that the outcomes of gender reassignment surgery are generally positive, with many individuals experiencing significant improvements in their quality of life, psychological well-being, and satisfaction with their gender identity.

Question 6

A person who is biologically male but considers himself a woman and would like to live as a woman is:

Accepted Answer

Transgender individuals are those whose gender identity differs from the sex they were assigned at birth. A person who is biologically male but identifies and wishes to live as a woman is considered transgender.

Question 7

Individuals whose gender identity matches their assigned gender are called:

Accepted Answer

Individuals whose gender identity matches their assigned gender at birth are referred to as cisgender.

Question 8

Transgender people who experience extreme distress over the incongruence of their gender identity and/or find themselves impaired by it in their social relationships, at work, or at school have:

Accepted Answer

Gender dysphoria is the condition of feeling one's emotional and psychological identity as male or female to be opposite to one's biological sex, which can cause severe distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Question 9

A person feels most comfortable wearing clothes preferred by the opposite gender, strongly wishes to be the opposite gender, and is considering a surgical procedure. The MOST likely diagnosis for this person is:

Accepted Answer

Gender dysphoria is characterized by a strong desire to be of a different gender than one's assigned gender at birth, often accompanied by a desire to undergo surgeries and treatments to transition physically to the identified gender. This includes discomfort with one's assigned gender roles and often a preference for clothing and activities associated with the opposite gender.

Question 10

Who is MOST likely to receive gender-affirming surgery?

Accepted Answer

Gender-affirming surgery is most likely sought by individuals experiencing gender dysphoria, which is the distress or discomfort that may occur when a person's gender identity does not align with their sex assigned at birth.

Question 11

Which hormone has NOT been linked to hypoactive sexual desire?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin is primarily associated with bonding, social behaviors, and childbirth, rather than directly influencing sexual desire. Testosterone, estrogen, and prolactin have all been linked to sexual desire and its disorders.

Question 12

Which disorder primarily involves the inability to respond normally in key areas of sexual functioning, resulting in difficulty enjoying sexual intercourse?

Accepted Answer

Sexual dysfunction is characterized by a significant disturbance in a person's ability to respond sexually or to experience sexual pleasure, which can include issues with sexual desire, arousal, orgasm, and pain during intercourse.

Question 13

Which phase of the human sexual response cycle is NOT affected by a sexual dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

Resolution is the phase of the human sexual response cycle that is typically not affected by sexual dysfunction. This phase involves the body gradually returning to its normal state after orgasm, and while dysfunctions can affect the ability to reach orgasm or the desire for sexual activity, the resolution phase itself is not directly impacted by sexual dysfunctions.

Question 14

For the past year, Ryan has had no interest in sex and, in turn, has engaged in very little sexual activity. He would MOST likely be diagnosed as having:

Accepted Answer

Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder is characterized by a persistent or recurrent deficiency or absence of sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity, which seems to describe Ryan's experience over the past year.

Question 15

If someone felt assigned to the wrong sex and identified with the opposite gender, that person would MOST likely receive a diagnosis of:

Accepted Answer

Gender dysphoria is the condition of feeling one's emotional and psychological identity as male or female to be opposite to one's biological sex, which aligns with the description given.

Question 16

Why might some clinicians favor removing gender dysphoria from the DSM?

Accepted Answer

Clinicians who favor removing gender dysphoria from the DSM often argue that the distress associated with being transgender is not inherent to the condition itself but is instead largely due to societal stigma and discrimination. They suggest that the pathologization of transgender identities contributes to this stigma, and removing gender dysphoria from diagnostic manuals could help reduce it.

Question 17

According to surveys, how many transgender people in the United States have reported that they have been harassed or attacked at school, at work, or in their communities as a result of being transgender?

Accepted Answer

Surveys indicate that a high percentage, 80 to 90 percent, of transgender individuals in the United States have experienced harassment or attacks at school, work, or in their communities due to their transgender status. This highlights the significant challenges and discrimination faced by the transgender community.

Question 18

Which theoretical orientation is MOST helpful in understanding the origin of gender identity disorder?

Accepted Answer

Biological theories are most helpful in understanding the origin of gender identity disorder (now more commonly referred to as gender dysphoria). These theories suggest that genetic, hormonal, and neurological factors play a significant role in the development of one's gender identity, including cases where an individual's gender identity does not align with their sex assigned at birth.

Question 19

What is the MOST common outcome of gender dysphoria in childhood?

Accepted Answer

The most common outcome of gender dysphoria in childhood is that it disappears by adolescence or adulthood. Many children who experience gender dysphoria do not continue to experience it into later life.

Question 20

When people with gender dysphoria take hormones, it is in an attempt to:

Accepted Answer

Taking hormones is a part of gender transition for many transgender individuals, which helps them to live as the gender they identify with, rather than their gender assigned at birth. This process can include physical changes that align their bodies more closely with their gender identity. Enhancing the gender of birth, reducing sex drives, or changing external genitals directly are not the primary goals of hormone therapy in the context of gender dysphoria.

Quiz 13: Sexual Disorders and Gender Variations