Question 1

When we process information about the self, there is more activity in the ________ of the brain.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that when processing information about the self, there is increased activity in the medial prefrontal cortex, which is a region of the frontal lobes. This region is associated with self-referential processing, including self-awareness and self-reflection.

Question 2

According to sociometer theory, self-esteem is important because it indicates

Accepted Answer

Sociometer theory proposes that self-esteem functions as an internal monitor of social acceptance and rejection. It serves as an indicator of how valued and accepted we are by others, reflecting our perceived level of social status and belonging. In this sense, self-esteem is closely tied to our social interactions and relationships, making it a fundamental aspect of our psychological well-being.

Question 3

Marta has a successful job, a handsome husband, and three intelligent children. What would you predict about Marta's self-esteem based on this information?

Accepted Answer

C

Question 4

Blaine, who plays high school football, considers himself to be both athletic and shy. When he attends a pep rally for the football team, he is more likely to view himself as athletic because
His immediate experience and environment make that the most relevant self-description.
Blaine's view of himself as athletic at the pep rally is an example of

Accepted Answer

Blaine's view of himself as athletic in that particular situation is an example of a working self-concept, which refers to the subset of self-knowledge and self-awareness that is most relevant in a particular moment or context. A sociometer is a measure of our social worth or acceptance, self-esteem is our overall evaluation of ourselves, and a self-schema is a general cognitive framework or template for organizing self-relevant information.

Question 5

If the planet was attacked by a disease that caused people to lose the use of their frontal lobes, one way people might be affected is they may

Accepted Answer

The frontal lobes are responsible for a variety of functions including self-awareness, decision making, and emotional regulation. If people were to lose the use of their frontal lobes, they may experience a loss of self-awareness or a decreased ability to make decisions and regulate their emotions effectively.

Question 6

Ahmed has high self-esteem and is happy with his life. Based on this information, which of the following predictions can you make?

Accepted Answer

High self-esteem and happiness do not directly correlate with the level of achievement in many areas of life. These psychological states can exist independently of external success or achievements.

Question 7

Dhara was recently in a car accident. Her doctor told her that she has brain damage only to her frontal lobe. What is one way this damage might affect Dhara?

Accepted Answer

The frontal lobe is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as self-awareness, decision making, and social behavior. Damage to this area of the brain can result in a lack of self-awareness or reduced awareness of one's own limitations and abilities.

Question 8

Grayson used to be very hard on himself when he would do poorly in school. Over time, he realized that he should treat himself with care, acceptance, and kindness, like he would
Treat a good friend. Grayson's realization shows he is developing

Accepted Answer

Grayson's realization that he should treat himself with care, acceptance, and kindness like he would treat a good friend shows that he is developing self-compassion, which involves being kind and understanding towards oneself even in the face of failure or difficulty. A reflected appraisal involves using the perceptions and evaluations of others to form one's self-concept. A self-serving bias refers to the tendency to attribute success to internal factors and failure to external factors. Self-esteem refers to one's overall sense of self-worth and value.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is true?
...

Question 10

Frank believes that he is more valuable and special than anyone else. As a result, he feels he is entitled to special treatment, focuses mainly on his own needs, and gets angry when anyone
Challenges him. Frank most likely

Accepted Answer

Frank exhibits the classic symptoms of narcissism, which include an inflated sense of self, entitlement, and anger when challenged. Narcissists often have an exaggerated sense of their own importance and will only focus on themselves rather than others.

Question 11

The cognitive structure that helps us perceive, organize, interpret, and use information about ourselves is called our

Accepted Answer

The cognitive structure referred to in the question is the self-schema, which is a mental blueprint that helps us organize and interpret information about ourselves. The other options (sociometer, self-esteem, and working self-concept) are related to aspects of the self but do not specifically refer to the cognitive structure in question.

Question 12

When you make a downward comparison, it will typically ________ self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

When someone makes a downward comparison, they are comparing themselves to someone they perceive as worse off or less fortunate than themselves. This can boost their own self-esteem by making them feel better about their own situation or circumstances.

Question 13

Fern decides that she is an excellent student because her grades are much higher than her younger siblings'. Her judgment is based on a(n) ________ comparison.

Accepted Answer

Fern is comparing herself to her younger siblings, who are likely not at the same academic level, making it a downward comparison. This means she is comparing herself to others who are less proficient to feel better about her own abilities.

Question 14

Self-esteem is ________ related to objective life outcomes, such as being successful in one's work.

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem is weakly related to objective life outcomes, such as being successful in one's work. This means that having high self-esteem does not necessarily guarantee success in work or other life outcomes.

Question 15

Psychologists use the term personality mainly to refer to characteristics and behaviors that

Accepted Answer

Personality traits are characterized by their relative stability over time and situations, making them distinguishable from more transient moods, emotions, or attitudes.

Question 16

When Tori was asked whether she considered herself smart, she immediately answered, "Yes, of course." Tori's ability to answer this question about herself effortlessly and
Automatically suggests that

Accepted Answer

Tori's ability to answer the question effortlessly and automatically suggests that she has a well-defined self-schema that includes information about her intelligence. This is a characteristic of individuals with high self-esteem who are confident and positive about themselves. Option A is incorrect because Tori did not display any defensive behavior in answering the question. Option C is incorrect because Tori's response suggests that she has information about her intelligence in her self-schema. Option D is incorrect because the question and Tori's response do not provide enough information to conclude that she is narcissistic.

Question 17

How you experience yourself in the present, depending on which part of yourself is most relevant at the time, is referred to as

Accepted Answer

The term that best describes the experience of oneself in the present, depending on the relevant part of oneself, is a working self-concept. A working self-concept is the part of our self-concept that is most relevant at a given moment and can change based on the situation. A sociometer is a measure of one's social acceptance and status, self-esteem is an overall evaluation of oneself, and a self-schema is an organized set of beliefs about oneself. These terms do not specifically relate to the experience of oneself in the present moment.

Question 18

Our memories, beliefs, and generalizations about the self are integrated to make up our

Accepted Answer

Our memories, beliefs, and generalizations about the self are integrated to make up our self-schema. Self-esteem is a separate construct that refers to our overall evaluation of ourselves. A sociometer is a mechanism that monitors and regulates social acceptance and rejection. A working self-concept refers to the subset of our self-schema that is currently activated and salient in any given moment.

Question 19

Bruno is typically shy, likes working on computers, and tends to worry about the future. Bruno's many unchanging characteristics across time and situations are referred to as his

Accepted Answer

Bruno's enduring traits such as shyness and worrying about the future refer to his personality, which encompasses relatively stable patterns of behavior, thoughts, and emotions across different situations and over time. Self-schema refers to a cognitive framework that guides processing of self-relevant information, while ego and working self-concept do not fully capture Bruno's enduring personal characteristics.

Question 20

Which of the following is most clearly connected to reflected appraisal?

Accepted Answer

Reflected appraisal refers to the influence that others have on our self-esteem and self-concept. Therefore, the answer that is most clearly connected to reflected appraisal is D, self-esteem.

Quiz 13: Self and Personality