Question 1

Provide an example of an automatic process and an attentional process.

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Question 2

According to Earl Miller, what is the key contribution of the prefrontal cortex to working memory? How did he test this hypothesis?

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Question 3

Describe the types of working-memory deficits seen in people with frontal-lobe damage.

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Question 4

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex seems to be involved in the functions of which component of working memory?

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The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is associated with the central executive component of working memory, which is responsible for the control and regulation of cognitive processes, including attention, problem-solving, and planning.

Question 5

Consider the activity of painting a picture for an art class. Identify an abstract goal and a concrete/specific goal, and indicate which part of the frontal lobe is involved in each.

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Question 6

How did George Sperling demonstrate that the visual sensory memory holds a large amount of visual information?

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Question 7

Describe what limits the ability to hold information in short-term memory.

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Question 8

Summarize the mapping of working-memory functions onto anatomical areas in the brain. For example, indicate which cortical area is responsible for each component of Baddeley's working memory model.

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Question 9

Explain what the word-length effect demonstrates regarding rehearsal in the phonological loop.

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Question 10

Describe the contribution of the different aspects of working memory to the activities associated with throwing a party. For each component, describe which region in the prefrontal cortex is MOST critical.

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Question 11

Describe Michael Petrides's experiments that demonstrated the different functions of the dorsal and ventral prefrontal cortices. According to his findings, what were these functions?

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Question 12

Which part of the brain seems to be involved in encoding and retrieval?

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Question 13

Describe two different types of tasks that are used to study working memory. For each one, indicate what specific aspect of working memory is primarily being tested.

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Question 14

In people with schizophrenia, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is _____ and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is _____.

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In people with schizophrenia, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is often found to be dysfunctional, affecting cognitive functions such as working memory. However, the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, which is involved in the inhibition of inappropriate responses and the regulation of emotional responses, is typically found to be normal or less affected.

Question 15

People with ADHD may have deficits in the _____ cortex, which is the region associated with _____.

Accepted Answer

The right-prefrontal cortex is associated with spatial attention and working memory, areas where individuals with ADHD often experience deficits. This region of the brain is crucial for managing attention, impulsivity, and executive functions, which are commonly challenging for those with ADHD.

Question 16

The textbook describes four cognitive functions that involve the central executive. Provide an example of an everyday task demonstrating each of these functions, and explain how each example involves the central executive.

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Question 17

Explain how a dual-task paradigm (such as the one used by Brooks) can demonstrate the existence of separate memory buffers.

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Question 18

Explain how each of the three main components of working memory is involved in the task of adding two three-digit numbers in one's head.

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Question 19

Which task would activate the left-anterior ventrolateral prefrontal cortex?

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Deciding whether two words have the same meaning involves semantic processing, which is a task that activates the left-anterior ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. This area is involved in language processing and understanding the meaning of words and sentences.

Question 20

One task of working memory is the manipulation of information. Give an example that demonstrates the manipulation of information in working memory.

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Quiz 9: Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module