Question 1

How could you test a 2-year-old child's understanding of appearance and reality? How might you test a 5-year-old child's understanding?

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

Research has definitively proven that trauma results in emotional and psychological harm,but there are no neurobiological or brain-function impacts.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Research has shown that trauma can have significant effects on brain functioning and neurobiology, leading to changes in areas such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex. These changes can result in symptoms such as hypervigilance, avoidance behaviors, and altered emotional regulation.

Question 3

Canadian author Malcolm Gladwell suggests that language plays a role in our ability to master numbers.

Accepted Answer

Gladwell argues that some languages make it easier to understand numerical concepts because of the ways in which they express numbers. For example, he notes that in Chinese, numbers are spoken in a logical sequence (i.e. 10-1 instead of 11), which may help children develop better number sense.

Question 4

Discuss the limitations of IQ tests.

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Question 5

What characteristics are associated with children who are more likely to be abused? What characteristics are associated with parents who are more likely to be abusive?

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Question 6

Psychologists use the term "fast-mapping" to refer to the ability of 3- to 6-year-olds to categorically link new words to real-world referents.

Accepted Answer

This is a true statement. Psychologists do use the term fast-mapping to describe the ability of young children to quickly learn and categorize new words based on their real-world referents.

Question 7

What is the impact of unintentional injuries and accidents on children in early childhood? What are the trends and risk factors?

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Question 8

Since IQ tests do not measure an individual's creativity,insight,street smarts,ability to read social cues,or understanding of spatial relationships,modern developmentalists have less faith in IQ scores.

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Question 9

Describe the milestones of motor development from infancy to early childhood.

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Question 10

Unintentional injuries account for slightly more than one quarter of all deaths for children age 1 to 4 in Canada.

Accepted Answer

According to data from Statistics Canada, unintentional injuries account for 29% of all deaths for children age 1 to 4 in Canada, which is slightly more than one quarter.

Question 11

Discuss health and nutrition in early childhood.What are the nutritional needs and patterns of children in early childhood? Explain the role of obesogenic environments in the health of children in this age group.

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Question 12

What is lateralization? What aspects of a child's development are affected by lateralization?

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Question 13

The encouragement of invented spelling is detrimental to the development of reading skills in young children.

Accepted Answer

Encouraging invented spelling in young children actually promotes their phonological awareness and understanding of the relationship between letters and sounds, which is a crucial skill for developing reading abilities. As they learn to decode words based on their understanding of phonics, their invented spellings will gradually become more accurate and conventional spelling will come naturally. Studies have shown that limited and overly prescriptive instruction in spelling can actually hinder the development of reading skills in young children.

Question 14

Describe how egocentrism is related to conservation.

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Question 15

Parents of higher IQ children tend to talk to their children often and use language that is descriptively rich and accurate,helping their children master new skills.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that parents of higher IQ children tend to engage in more conversation with their children, using language that is descriptively rich and accurate. This helps their children develop strong language skills and better cognitive abilities, leading to better academic performance in the long run.

Question 16

Explain theories of mind in early childhood.Describe,using examples,the progression in awareness of "others" from its earliest demonstrations to age 7.

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Question 17

Describe the impact of traumatic experiences in early childhood.What are the impacts and consequences for children?

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Question 18

How does the operational efficiency of a child's short-term storage space influence the child's ability to solve problems or think logically?

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Question 19

Vygotsky's sociocultural development theory likens infant mental processes to those of lower animals.

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky's theory suggests that infants initially have basic mental functions similar to lower animals, which develop into higher mental functions through social interactions and cultural tools.

Question 20

Discuss how the concept of reaction range solves the nature-nurture controversy.

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Quiz 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood