Question 1

Which statements BEST describes what occurs during translation?
A) DNA is reproduced.
B) Protein is synthesized using DNA as a template.
C) Protein is synthesized using mRNA as a template.
D) mRNA is synthesized using DNA as a template.
E) mRNA is synthesized using protein as a template.

Accepted Answer

Translation is the process by which the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded by a ribosome to produce a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide, that will later fold into an active protein.

Question 2

Refer to the genetic code to determine which of the following mRNAs could code for a protein containing the amino acid sequence Phe-Arg-Ala. I.5′-UUU CGU GCU-3′
II)5′-UUC CGG GCG-3′
III)5′-UUU AGA GCC-3′
A) All of these code for the given sequence.
B) I and II
C) I only
D) II only
E) II and III

Accepted Answer

Each of the mRNA sequences provided translates to the amino acid sequence Phe-Arg-Ala, according to the genetic code. Sequence I (5′-UUU CGU GCU-3′) translates to Phe-Arg-Ala directly. Sequence II (5′-UUC CGG GCG-3′) also translates to Phe-Arg-Ala, considering that both UUU and UUC code for Phe, CGU and CGG for Arg, and GCU and GCG for Ala. Sequence III (5′-UUU AGA GCC-3′) translates to Phe-Arg-Ala as well, with UUU for Phe, AGA for Arg, and GCC for Ala.

Question 3

Each person has about ______ genes.
A) 1,000
B) 10,000
C) 30,000
D) 50,0000
E) 100,000

Accepted Answer

Each person has about 30,000 genes. This number has been refined from earlier estimates of 100,000 due to advances in genomic research.

Question 4

How do mRNA and tRNA interact during the protein assembly process?
A) through hydrogen bonds between the codon and anticodon
B) through covalent bonds between the codon and anticodon
C) through ionic interactions between the codon and anticodon
D) through nonpolar interactions between the codon and anticodon
E) mRNA and tRNA do not interact during the protein assembly process.

Accepted Answer

mRNA and tRNA interact through hydrogen bonds between the codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA during the protein assembly process. This interaction ensures the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain.

Question 5

Which statement about recombinant DNA technology is FALSE?
A) There is global consensus that recombinant DNA technology is without risk.
B) The most common use of recombinant DNA crops is in herbicide and insect resistant plants.
C) The United States and other countries use recombinant DNA technology in their food and crops.
D) It is possible to produce vaccines and medicines in plants using recombinant DNA technology.
E) Recombinant DNA technology is used to produce genetically engineered products.

Accepted Answer

There is no global consensus that recombinant DNA technology is without risk. Different countries and organizations have varying opinions on the safety and ethical implications of using recombinant DNA technology.

Question 6

Which statement BEST describes what occurs during DNA replication?
A) A complementary strand of mRNA is produced from a single DNA strand.
B) The DNA double helix unfolds, and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new strand of DNA.
C) A complementary strand of mRNA is produced from both DNA strands.
D) The DNA double helix unfolds, and one strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new strand of DNA.
E) tRNA is activated.

Accepted Answer

During DNA replication, the DNA double helix unwinds, and each of the two strands serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand, resulting in two identical DNA molecules.

Question 7

How is the amino acid attached to the tRNA molecule? 
A) They are connected by dipole-dipole interactions.
B) They are connected by hydrogen bonds.
C) They are connected by ionic interactions.
D) They are connected by amide bonds.
E) They are connected by ester bonds.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How is the amino acid attached to...

Question 8

In recombinant DNA technology
A) genes from different organisms are combined.
B) new genes are created.
C) plants are treated with steroid so that they grow larger.
D) organisms are given drugs that damage their DNA.
E) All of the above occur.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In recombinant DNA technology
A) genes from different...

Question 9

What type of bond joins the nucleotides in a strand of DNA?
A) hydrogen bonds
B) N-glycosidic bonds
C) phosphodiester bonds
D) peptide bonds
E) O-glycosidic bonds

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bonds link the nucleotides in a strand of DNA, connecting the phosphate group of one nucleotide to the 3' hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide in the chain.

Question 10

What does letter G represent in the following diagram? 
A) mRNA
B) the growing protein
C) tRNA
D) rRNA
E) DNA

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does letter G represent in the...

Question 11

What does this figure represent? 
A) tRNA bound to DNA
B) tRNA bound to mRNA
C) mRNA bound to DNA
D) rRNA bound to tRNA
E) mRNA bound to rRNA

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does this figure represent? 
A) tRNA...

Question 12

Which of the following molecules is found in RNA but not in DNA? ​ 
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following molecules is found...

Question 13

Which of the molecules below are purines? ​ 
A) I and III
B) II and IV
C) I, III, and V
D) III only
E) All of these molecules are purines.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the molecules below are purines?...

Question 14

What is labeled as II in the diagram below?  ​
A) codon
B) anticodon
C) hydrogen bonds
D) covalent bonds
E) rRNA

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is labeled as II in the...

Question 15

The two strands of DNA in the DNA double helix are held together by _____ bonds between nucleotides.
A) hydrogen
B) phosphodiester
C) amide
D) ionic
E) glycosidic

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between the nucleotides on opposite strands of DNA hold the double helix structure together.

Question 16

In the following drawing of a DNA double helix, arrow II is pointing to a(n) 
A) DNA base pair.
B) ionic bond.
C) sugar phosphate backbone.
D) polar covalent bond.
E) hydrophilic interaction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the following drawing of a DNA...

Question 17

Which of the following molecules is a nucleotide? 
A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) I and II
E) II and III

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following molecules is a...

Question 18

What happens when a particular protein is needed by a cell?
A) The cell dies.
B) The gene for that cell is expressed.
C) The gene for that cell is replicated.
D) The entire DNA strand containing the appropriate gene is expressed.
E) The entire DNA strand containing the appropriate gene is replicated.

Accepted Answer

When a cell needs a particular protein, the gene encoding that protein is expressed. This involves transcription of the gene into messenger RNA (mRNA) and translation of the mRNA into the protein.

Question 19

What is the sequence of the following nucleic acid? 
A) dGCA
B) GCA
C) ACG
D) dACG
E) CGT

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the sequence of the following...

Question 20

Where in the cell are the instructions for making all of the proteins required by the body found?
A) on DNA in the cytoplasm
B) on RNA in the mitochondria
C) on RNA in the cell membrane
D) on DNA in the nucleus
E) on DNA in the mitochondria

Accepted Answer

The instructions for making all of the proteins required by the body are found on DNA in the nucleus of the cell. DNA contains the genetic information necessary for the synthesis of proteins, which occurs through the processes of transcription and translation.

Quiz 17: Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Which statements BEST describes what occurs during translation?

Refer to the genetic code to determine which of the following mRNAs could code for a protein containing the amino acid sequence Phe-Arg-Ala. I.5′-UUU CGU GCU-3′ II) 5′-UUC CGG GCG-3′ III) 5′-UUU AGA GCC-3′

Each person has about ______ genes.

How do mRNA and tRNA interact during the protein assembly process?

Which statement about recombinant DNA technology is FALSE?

Which statement BEST describes what occurs during DNA replication?

How is the amino acid attached to the tRNA molecule?

In recombinant DNA technology

What type of bond joins the nucleotides in a strand of DNA?

What does letter G represent in the following diagram?

What does this figure represent?

Which of the following molecules is found in RNA but not in DNA?

Which of the molecules below are purines?

What is labeled as II in the diagram below?

The two strands of DNA in the DNA double helix are held together by _____ bonds between nucleotides.

In the following drawing of a DNA double helix, arrow II is pointing to a(n)

Which of the following molecules is a nucleotide?

What happens when a particular protein is needed by a cell?

What is the sequence of the following nucleic acid?

Where in the cell are the instructions for making all of the proteins required by the body found?