Question 1

In qualitative research,concepts are viewed as sensitizing ideals or terms that enhance our understanding.

Accepted Answer

In qualitative research, concepts are indeed viewed as sensitizing ideals or terms that guide and enhance our understanding of the phenomena being studied, by providing direction and focus to the research.

Question 2

Methodology involves the collection of hypotheses and/or data regarding the nature of crime and criminal justice.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Methodology involves the collection of hypotheses and/or...

Question 3

Verification is confirmation of the accuracy of findings.

Accepted Answer

Verification is the process of confirming the accuracy and truthfulness of findings or data, ensuring they are correct and reliable.

Question 4

Pure research is the acquisition of knowledge for science's sake;acquisition of knowledge that contributes to the scientific development of a discipline.

Accepted Answer

Pure research, also known as basic or fundamental research, is conducted without any immediate practical application in mind, focusing instead on gaining knowledge and understanding for the sake of advancing a scientific discipline.

Question 5

Edwin Sutherland's concept of "white-collar crime" serves as an example of a paradigm revolution in criminology,a radical reorientation in theoretical views of the nature of criminality.

Accepted Answer

Edwin Sutherland introduced the concept of white-collar crime to highlight crimes committed by individuals in high social positions during their occupation, challenging the traditional focus on street-level crimes and significantly shifting the perspective on what constitutes criminal behavior in society. This represented a paradigm shift in criminology by expanding the scope of what is considered criminal activity and who can be labeled a criminal.

Question 6

Which of the following refers to an attempt to develop plausible explanation of reality?
A)Hypothesis
B)Theory
C)Guess
D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

A theory is an attempt to develop a plausible explanation of reality, based on evidence and reasoning.

Question 7

Replication combines rational theoretical explanation with the scientific method.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Replication combines rational theoretical explanation with the...

Question 8

Which of the following refers to the predictor variable X);precedes in time and causes change in the dependent variable?
A)Variables
B)X variables
C)Independent variables
D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

Independent variables are the predictors or causes that precede and influence changes in the dependent variable.

Question 9

Which of the following refers to a specific statement or prediction regarding the relationship between two variables?
A)Hypothesis
B)Theory
C)Variable
D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction about what you expect to happen in your study. It refers to a statement about the relationship between two variables.

Question 10

Crime analysis is an example of pure research.

Accepted Answer

Crime analysis is applied research because it focuses on practical applications, solving specific problems, and informing decision-making in law enforcement and crime prevention.

Question 11

Hirschi and Stark's "Hellfire and Delinquency" found a very weak relationship between church attendance and non-delinquency.

Accepted Answer

Hirschi and Stark's study, "Hellfire and Delinquency," indeed found a very weak relationship between church attendance and non-delinquency, challenging assumptions about the role of religious involvement in preventing delinquent behavior.

Question 12

Systematic application of the scientific method to research problems provided only nominal breakthroughs in the development of knowledge.

Accepted Answer

The systematic application of the scientific method has led to significant breakthroughs and advancements in various fields of knowledge, revolutionizing our understanding of the world.

Question 13

Which of the following refers to the outcome variable Y);or the subject of study?
A)Variables
B)Dependent variables
C)Independent variables
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable, often denoted as Y, is the outcome variable that researchers are interested in explaining or predicting. It depends on the independent variable(s).

Question 14

Criminal justice researchers,unlike physical scientists,find their subject matter a topic of popular discussion in which the layperson's experience is viewed as just as good a guide to policy as that of the researcher.

Accepted Answer

Criminal justice topics often involve issues that directly impact society and are subject to public opinion and debate, making layperson experiences and perspectives commonly viewed as valuable in discussions about policy, unlike more technical fields like physical sciences where expert knowledge is typically prioritized.

Question 15

A paradigm is a plausible explanation of reality why and how do things occur).

Accepted Answer

A paradigm is a framework or set of fundamental beliefs and assumptions that guide inquiry and interpretation, not a specific explanation of why and how things occur.

Question 16

Applied research is concerned with solving or addressing immediate policy problems.

Accepted Answer

Applied research is designed to solve practical problems of the modern world, rather than to acquire knowledge for knowledge's sake.

Question 17

A theory is a model or schema that provides a perspective from which to view reality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A theory is a model or schema...

Question 18

In quantitative research,concepts are assigned numerical values.

Accepted Answer

In quantitative research, concepts are operationalized by assigning numerical values to them, allowing for statistical analysis and objective measurement.

Question 19

In 'The Natural History of Nonsense',Evans outlines numerous examples of commonsense-nonsense issues that have greatly hindered human progress.

Accepted Answer

In "The Natural History of Nonsense," Bergen Evans discusses various myths, superstitions, and unfounded beliefs, illustrating how such commonsense-nonsense issues have historically impeded human progress and rational thinking.

Question 20

The 'independent variable' is also known as the 'outcome variable'.

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the variable that is manipulated or changed in an experiment to see if it has an effect on the dependent variable, while the outcome variable is another name for the dependent variable, which is what is measured or observed.

Quiz 1: Introduction to Criminal Justice Research Methods: Theory and Method