Question 1

A child is playing at the beach.She pours an equal amount of sand into both a short,fat container and a tall,thin container.When asked which container holds more sand,the child points to the tall,thin container.This response suggests that she is most likely in the ________ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

This response suggests the child is in the preoperational stage of cognitive development, typically from ages 2 to 7, where children think symbolically but are not yet able to perform operations or manipulate information in their heads. They often focus on the height or appearance of objects rather than their quantity, leading to misconceptions like the one described.

Question 2

Darryl thinks that playing peek-a-boo is hilarious! He does not know where his mom goes during the game,but it excites him when he sees her face again.Darryl is most likely in Piaget's ________ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

Darryl is most likely in the sensorimotor stage of development, which occurs from birth to about 2 years of age. This stage is characterized by the development of object permanence, which Darryl is demonstrating he has not fully developed yet, as he is surprised when his mom reappears during peek-a-boo.

Question 3

Andre is writing an introductory psychology essay on Piaget's theory of cognitive development.He should criticize the original theory for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory actually emphasizes that infants learn about the world through their senses and motor actions, especially in the sensorimotor stage. This is a fundamental aspect of his theory, not a criticism.

Question 4

Evan is in preschool and uses overregularization when speaking.Which of the following is he most likely to say?

Accepted Answer

Overregularization in language development occurs when children apply regular grammatical patterns to irregular verbs or nouns. In this case, Evan is applying the regular past tense ending "-ed" to the irregular verb "hit," resulting in "hitted."

Question 5

Phillip cannot wait for his son Baxter to start saying words so that Phillip can finally understand what Baxter needs.Phillip knows that for most babies,this will occur at around ________ months.

Accepted Answer

Most babies start saying their first words around 12 months of age.

Question 6

Peggy's parents are amazed at how much their daughter has changed.Over the past year,she became interested in doing chemistry experiments.Peggy predicts what will happen when she combines two chemicals together and then observes the results to see whether her hypothesis was correct.Peggy is most likely in the ________ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

Peggy is in the formal operational stage of cognitive development, as indicated by her ability to think abstractly, make hypotheses, and predict outcomes, which are key characteristics of this stage according to Jean Piaget's theory.

Question 7

Damien likes to put all sorts of things,like bugs,dirt,and shoelaces,in his mouth.He also likes playing with his toy train;however,he seems to lose interest in playing with the train whenever his brother hides it.Damien is most likely in the ________ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

Damien's behavior of putting objects in his mouth and losing interest in objects that are out of sight is characteristic of the sensorimotor stage of development, which typically occurs from birth to about 2 years of age. This stage involves experiencing the world through senses and actions (looking, touching, mouthing).

Question 8

Janice is learning about the alphabet and how to read,but she is struggling to make the s and z sounds.Janice is having difficulty with

Accepted Answer

Phonemes are the smallest units of sound in a language, and difficulty in making specific sounds, such as "s" and "z," indicates a struggle with phonemes.

Question 9

In front of Chris,Tasha pours the same amount of water into a short,fat glass and a tall,thin glass.She then asks Chris which glass has more water.If Chris is six years old,he is most likely to answer that

Accepted Answer

At the age of six, children often focus on the height of containers rather than their overall volume when comparing amounts of liquid, leading them to perceive the taller container as holding more.

Question 10

Giovanni is having difficulty learning English.He keeps putting verbs at the end of sentences.For example,instead of saying "The dog ate the bone," he says,"The dog the bone ate." Giovanni is having trouble with

Accepted Answer

Giovanni's difficulty lies in syntax, which refers to the rules that govern the structure of sentences, including the order of words. His tendency to place verbs at the end of sentences indicates a problem with understanding or applying these structural rules, rather than issues with morphemes (the smallest units of meaning), phonemes (the smallest units of sound), or overregularization (applying grammatical rules too broadly).

Question 11

Kane and MJ are sitting across from each other drawing pictures of their family room.When asked to draw the family room from MJ's perspective,Kane draws a picture of what he can see himself.Kane is likely in the ________ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

Kane is likely in the preoperational stage of cognitive development, which occurs roughly between the ages of 2 and 7. During this stage, children are egocentric and struggle to see perspectives other than their own, which is demonstrated by Kane drawing the room from his own perspective instead of MJ's.

Question 12

Justin's mother believes that Justin,a nine-month-old,is still in Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development.To test this belief,which of the following could she try?

Accepted Answer

B) Hiding his favorite toy underneath a couch cushion and observing if he looks for it tests object permanence, a key concept in Piaget's sensorimotor stage, which develops around 8-12 months of age.

Question 13

Joey needs to use his fingers to add and subtract.Joey can sort blocks based on both their shape and color at the same time.Based on this information,you know that Joey is most likely in the ________ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

Joey is most likely in the concrete operational stage of development, which typically occurs between ages 7 and 11. At this stage, children can think logically about concrete events and can classify objects according to several features. Joey's ability to sort blocks by both shape and color and his need to use fingers for addition and subtraction are indicative of this stage.

Question 14

In front of Chris,Tasha pours the same amount of water into both a short,fat glass and a tall,thin glass.She then asks Chris which glass has more water.If Chris is 10 years old,he is most likely to answer

Accepted Answer

By the age of 10, children typically understand the concept of conservation, realizing that the amount of liquid remains the same regardless of the shape of the container.

Question 15

Kaya is crying because her teddy bear fell off the kitchen table and bumped its nose.She pretends to be "Mommy" and goes to the cupboard for a Band-Aid to put on the bear's hurt nose.Because Kaya's thinking is intuitive and not logical,she is most likely in the ________ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

Kaya is in the preoperational stage of cognitive development, which typically occurs from ages 2 to 7. During this stage, children engage in symbolic play and have not yet developed the ability to perform operations or think logically about concrete events. Kaya's behavior of pretending and her belief that a Band-Aid will help her teddy bear are indicative of the intuitive thought processes characteristic of this stage.

Question 16

Ming is learning English and today learned that the word talking is made up of two units of meaning: talk and ing.Ming is learning about

Accepted Answer

Ming is learning about morphemes, which are the smallest units of meaning in a language. "Talk" is a root morpheme that carries the primary meaning, and "ing" is a bound morpheme that modifies the meaning to indicate a continuous action.

Question 17

Gretchen is excited when her son Brian demonstrates that he has developed theory of mind and will now be able to

Accepted Answer

Theory of mind refers to the understanding that others have their own thoughts, beliefs, and intentions that guide their actions. This development allows children to recognize that other people, including their parents, have their own perspectives and motivations.

Question 18

Sally is playing outside with her brother Micah one day and wants to push him down when he takes her swing.Sally does not push Micah,however,because she predicts that she will be punished with no television privileges after dinner if she does.Sally is most likely in the ________ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sally is playing outside with her brother...

Question 19

Nadia knows that a substance's quantity does not change,even when its form does.Based on this,Nadia is most likely ________ years old.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nadia knows that a substance's quantity does...

Question 20

Robby is 11 months old and has begun making speech sounds like "baba" and "momo." On the other hand,16-month-old Rebecca can produce two-word sentences like "Daddy eat" and "Mama give." Robby's speech is ________,whereas Rebecca's speech is ________.

Accepted Answer

Robby's repetitive sound-making is characteristic of babbling, a developmental stage typically seen in infants around 6 to 8 months old. Rebecca's use of two-word sentences represents telegraphic speech, which is common in toddlers around 18 to 24 months old, where they combine words to convey a message but omit smaller words.

Quiz 4: Development Across the Life Span