Question 1

When Pearl was in high school,she constantly worried about her relationships and her school achievements.Now that she is older,she worries about her health and the environment.This
Change in the focus of her worrying is due to
A) a basic tendency.
B) temperament.
C) the reticular activation system.
D) characteristic adaptation.

Accepted Answer

Characteristic adaptations refer to changes in behavior and concerns as individuals age and encounter different life experiences and challenges. Pearl's shift in worries from relationships and school achievements to health and the environment reflects her adaptation to new life stages and concerns, which is a characteristic adaptation.

Question 2

How is age related to stability of personality?
A) Children's personalities are more stable than older adults.
B) There is some stability at any age,but particularly after age 50.
C) Age and personality stability are unrelated.
D) Personality traits are equally stable at any age range.

Accepted Answer

Personality stability tends to increase with age, with research suggesting that personality traits become more stable after the age of 50. This is due to various factors, including increased self-knowledge, more stable life circumstances, and reduced neuroplasticity.

Question 3

A change in the behavioral expression of a trait based on the demands of specific situations is a
A) basic tendency.
B) characteristic adaptation.
C) temperament.
D) working self-concept.

Accepted Answer

Characteristic adaptations refer to changes or variations in our behavior in response to the demands of specific situations, reflecting how we adjust our typical patterns of behavior to suit particular contexts or environments.

Question 4

Igor tends to cry and become frightened easily.Even small changes in his environment can scare him.Researchers would say that Igor is high on the ________ aspect of temperament.
A) activity level
B) sociability
C) stability
D) emotionality

Accepted Answer

Igor's tendency to cry and become frightened easily, along with his sensitivity to small changes in his environment, indicates high emotionality. Emotionality refers to the intensity of emotional reactions, including fear, sadness, and anger.

Question 5

At three years of age,Megan was classified as having an undercontrolled temperament. According to research,as an adult,Megan will be more likely to
A) be anxious.
B) be depressed.
C) abuse alcohol.
D) attempt suicide.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that individuals with an undercontrolled temperament in childhood are more likely to exhibit externalizing problems such as substance abuse, including alcohol abuse, in adulthood. This is because undercontrolled temperament is characterized by impulsivity, difficulty in controlling emotions, and a tendency to seek novel and potentially risky experiences, which can lead to substance use and abuse.

Question 6

Aman and Pavan are identical twins separated and adopted into different families as infants. They grew up in different cities,went to different schools,and had adoptive parents
With different parenting styles.Which of the following people will be most similar to
Aman in personality?
A) his adoptive mom
B) his biological mom
C) his male adopted sibling
D) Pavan

Accepted Answer

Identical twins, like Aman and Pavan, share 100% of their genes. Despite being raised in different environments, studies have shown that genetics play a significant role in determining personality. Therefore, Aman and Pavan are likely to be more similar in personality to each other than to their adoptive family members or biological parents with whom they did not share an environment.

Question 7

Which of the following is an aspect of temperament?
A) emotionality
B) agreeableness
C) stability
D) extraversion

Accepted Answer

Emotionality is an aspect of temperament, which refers to the inherent predisposition towards emotional reactivity, including the intensity and threshold of emotional response. Agreeableness, stability, and extraversion are considered aspects of personality, not temperament.

Question 8

What is the difference between temperaments and personality traits?
A) Traits are broader than temperaments.
B) Temperaments are broader than traits.
C) Temperaments only apply to children.
D) Traits only apply to children.

Accepted Answer

Temperaments are considered broader than traits because they refer to the innate aspects of our personality, such as our natural predispositions and emotional responses, which are evident from a very young age. Personality traits, on the other hand, can be influenced by a variety of factors including environment and experiences, and they describe more specific characteristics of how a person behaves, thinks, and feels.

Question 9

Which of the following is the strongest evidence that personality has a genetic component?
A) Adopted children in the same family are similar in personality.
B) Identical twins are more similar in personality than nonidentical twins.
C) People in the same culture are similar in personality.
D) Both biological and nonbiological siblings show similar personalities.

Accepted Answer

Identical twins share 100% of their genes, and studies have shown that they are more similar in personality than fraternal (nonidentical) twins, who share only about 50% of their genes. This suggests that genetics plays a significant role in determining personality.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of temperament?
A) activity level
B) sociability
C) emotionality
D) agreeableness

Accepted Answer

Agreeableness is considered a personality trait rather than an aspect of temperament. Temperament refers to the innate aspects of an individual's personality, such as activity level, sociability, and emotionality, and is evident early in life. Agreeableness, on the other hand, is part of the Five Factor Model of personality, which describes broader, more complex traits that develop and may change over time.

Question 11

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the finding that age-related changes in personality are similar across cultures?
A) These changes are not entirely a function of the environment.
B) All cultures have similar stereotyping related to aging.
C) These changes are mainly due to differences in environment.
D) Every culture has a different stereotyping related to aging.

Accepted Answer

The similarity of age-related changes in personality across cultures suggests that these changes are not solely determined by environmental factors, but may also be influenced by biological or universal aspects of human aging.

Question 12

Janie is high on the openness to experience dimension of personality.She likes to skydive and travel to exotic destinations.As she gets older,she may be less likely to skydive,but may still
Enjoy unusual vacations.This change in Janie's typical activities is due to
A) characteristic adaptation.
B) a basic tendency.
C) the reticular activating system.
D) temperament.

Accepted Answer

Characteristic adaptation explains changes in behavior and activities as people age, while their underlying personality traits, such as openness to experience, remain stable. Janie's shift from skydiving to enjoying unusual vacations is an example of how her behaviors adapt over time, even though her openness to new experiences persists.

Question 13

Regardless of the environment she is in,six-year-old Trisha always seems to be moving. She never sits still for long and prefers to run around instead of watching TV or playing
On the computer.In what aspect of temperament does Trisha seems to be high?
A) activity level
B) sociability
C) interpersonal
D) emotionality

Accepted Answer

Trisha's constant movement and preference for physical activity over sedentary activities like watching TV or playing on the computer indicate a high activity level, which is a dimension of temperament reflecting the degree of physical energy and motion a person typically exhibits.

Question 14

A trait that is determined largely by biological processes is a
A) basic tendency.
B) characteristic adaptation.
C) temperament.
D) working self-concept.

Accepted Answer

A trait that is determined largely by biological processes is a basic tendency.

Question 15

Whenever they have recess,Marin ignores the other kids in his class.He would rather play with toys by himself.Researchers would say that Marin is low on the ________ aspect
Of temperament.
A) activity level
B) sociability
C) interpersonal
D) emotionality

Accepted Answer

Marin's preference to play alone rather than with other kids indicates low sociability, which is a dimension of temperament that refers to how much individuals seek and enjoy social interaction.

Question 16

Yasmin was an introverted child and is now an introverted adult.The stability of Yasmin's introversion,which is largely influenced by biology,indicates Yasmin's introversion is a
A) characteristic adaptation.
B) basic tendency.
C) part of the reticular activating system.
D) temperament.

Accepted Answer

Introversion, as a stable and biologically influenced trait, is considered a basic tendency. Basic tendencies are core personality components that are stable over time and influenced by biological factors, distinguishing them from more malleable aspects of personality.

Question 17

The NEO Personality Inventory is an example of a(n) ________ measure of personality.
A) projective
B) self-report
C) subjective
D) observational

Accepted Answer

The NEO Personality Inventory is a self-report measure of personality, meaning individuals complete the inventory themselves, reporting on their own personality traits.

Question 18

Which of the following people will show a highly stable personality if measured today and again one year later?
A) Janessa,a 7-year-old
B) Tyree,a 15-year-old
C) Evelyn,a 35-year-old
D) LaShonda,a 55-year-old

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following people will show...

Question 19

Studies on identical twins have found that differences in genes explain ________ of the variability in personality traits.
A) almost none
B) almost all
C) about half
D) an unknown amount

Accepted Answer

Studies on identical twins have shown that differences in genes explain about half of the variability in personality traits, with the rest being influenced by environmental factors.

Question 20

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is an example of a(n) ________ measure of personality.
A) projective
B) electronic recording
C) self-report
D) observational

Accepted Answer

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective psychological test used to assess an individual's personality, emotions, and attitudes. It involves presenting ambiguous images to individuals and asking them to create stories about them, revealing their underlying motives, concerns, and the way they see the social world.

Quiz 13: Self and Personality

When Pearl was in high school,she constantly worried about her relationships and her school achievements.Now that she is older,she worries about her health and the environment.This Change in the focus of her worrying is due to

How is age related to stability of personality?

A change in the behavioral expression of a trait based on the demands of specific situations is a

Igor tends to cry and become frightened easily.Even small changes in his environment can scare him.Researchers would say that Igor is high on the ________ aspect of temperament.

At three years of age,Megan was classified as having an undercontrolled temperament. According to research,as an adult,Megan will be more likely to

Aman and Pavan are identical twins separated and adopted into different families as infants. They grew up in different cities,went to different schools,and had adoptive parents With different parenting styles.Which of the following people will be most similar to Aman in personality?

Which of the following is an aspect of temperament?

What is the difference between temperaments and personality traits?

Which of the following is the strongest evidence that personality has a genetic component?

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of temperament?

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the finding that age-related changes in personality are similar across cultures?

Janie is high on the openness to experience dimension of personality.She likes to skydive and travel to exotic destinations.As she gets older,she may be less likely to skydive,but may still Enjoy unusual vacations.This change in Janie's typical activities is due to

Regardless of the environment she is in,six-year-old Trisha always seems to be moving. She never sits still for long and prefers to run around instead of watching TV or playing On the computer.In what aspect of temperament does Trisha seems to be high?

A trait that is determined largely by biological processes is a

Whenever they have recess,Marin ignores the other kids in his class.He would rather play with toys by himself.Researchers would say that Marin is low on the ________ aspect Of temperament.

Yasmin was an introverted child and is now an introverted adult.The stability of Yasmin's introversion,which is largely influenced by biology,indicates Yasmin's introversion is a

The NEO Personality Inventory is an example of a(n) ________ measure of personality.

Which of the following people will show a highly stable personality if measured today and again one year later?

Studies on identical twins have found that differences in genes explain ________ of the variability in personality traits.

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is an example of a(n) ________ measure of personality.