Question 1

Marcy was out of town on a business trip when a tragic house fire claimed the lives of her husband and two children.A year later,Marcy found herself in an unfamiliar kitchen opening mail addressed to someone named Emily.She had no idea where she was or how she got there.Marcy might be experiencing

Accepted Answer

Dissociative fugue is a disorder characterized by sudden, unexpected travel away from one's home or customary place of work, with inability to recall one's past, confusion about personal identity, or the assumption of a new identity. Marcy's experience of finding herself in an unfamiliar place with no memory of how she got there aligns with the symptoms of dissociative fugue, often triggered by traumatic events.

Question 2

Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is commonly diagnosed,the cause of ADHD has been difficult to determine.The main reason for this is that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is commonly diagnosed,the...

Question 3

Jacob has clear symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and has trouble concentrating and stopping his impulsive actions.Jacob's behavior resembles that of people with damage in the

Accepted Answer

The frontal lobes are responsible for executive functions, such as decision-making, problem-solving, and controlling attention and behavior. Damage to or dysfunction in the frontal lobes can lead to difficulties with concentration, impulse control, and other symptoms similar to those seen in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Question 4

Carl was diagnosed with a communication disorder when he was five.Now in high school,which of the following actions is most likely to be difficult for Carl?

Accepted Answer

Communication disorders primarily affect an individual's ability to effectively communicate, which includes speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Discussing homework with a classmate directly involves communication skills, making it the most likely challenging activity for someone with a communication disorder.

Question 5

Alban's daughter has recently been diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome.When trying to explain the diagnosis to his brother,Alban most likely says Asperger's is

Accepted Answer

Asperger's syndrome is recognized as a type of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) characterized primarily by difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, alongside restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. It does not typically involve severe intellectual impairment, nor is it considered a precursor to autism or specifically associated with hyperactivity, distinguishing it from other forms of ASD.

Question 6

Throughout her childhood,12-year-old Carmella has experienced problems affecting her emotions and learning ability.It is most likely that Carmella is experiencing a

Accepted Answer

Neurodevelopmental disorders are a group of conditions that start in the developmental period, often before the child enters grade school. These disorders are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. The range of developmental deficits varies from very specific limitations of learning or control of executive functions to global impairments of social skills or intelligence. Carmella's experiences with problems affecting her emotions and learning ability suggest a neurodevelopmental disorder, as these issues typically manifest in childhood and can impact a wide range of functioning, including emotional regulation and learning capabilities.

Question 7

While at home,Joshua runs through the house chasing the cat,even though he has been told many times not to do so.At school,he often needs instructions repeated and rules explained over and over.Joshua also misses social cues and doesn't seem to understand other children very well.Joshua might qualify for a diagnosis of

Accepted Answer

The answer of While at home,Joshua runs through the house...

Question 8

The main difference between dissociative amnesia and ordinary forgetting is

Accepted Answer

Dissociative amnesia involves the loss of personal information, often after a traumatic or stressful event, which is more severe than ordinary forgetting. Ordinary forgetting does not typically involve significant loss of personal history or identity.

Question 9

Sean's parents noticed that he rarely smiled or made eye contact with them.As Sean got older,his parents were increasingly concerned about his development;although he seemed to have normal intelligence,he didn't seem to understand facial expressions.It is likely that Sean has

Accepted Answer

Sean's symptoms, including difficulty understanding facial expressions and a lack of social engagement without a mention of intellectual disability, align more closely with high-functioning autism, previously known as Asperger's syndrome.

Question 10

Two-year-old Antonina's parents notice that she rarely says any words and has never really made eye contact with them.She is intensely preoccupied with the buttons and zippers on clothing and pays little attention to anything else.Antonina

Accepted Answer

Antonina's symptoms, including a lack of eye contact, limited speech, and intense preoccupation with specific objects, align with characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD often involves challenges with social communication and interaction, as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors or interests, as described in Antonina's case.

Question 11

Using eye-tracking instruments that are capable of determining where a child's gaze is located while watching a television program,researchers have observed that children with autism

Accepted Answer

Children with autism often focus on peripheral or less relevant details on the screen, rather than on the social interactions that typically developing children might focus on. This is part of the broader pattern of social communication challenges and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities characteristic of autism spectrum disorder.

Question 12

Which of the following regarding attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is true?

Accepted Answer

ADHD is often diagnosed in childhood, but many individuals do not outgrow it and continue to experience symptoms into adulthood.

Question 13

Emily's teacher sees that she is struggling in most subjects,has trouble understanding directions,and has problems with her adaptive functioning.The teacher is concerned that Emily has a(n)

Accepted Answer

Emily's struggles in most subjects, difficulty understanding directions, and problems with adaptive functioning suggest an intellectual disability, which is characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, covering many everyday social and practical skills.

Question 14

Dara is always on the move! She has a hard time sitting still in her desk at school and often has difficulty finding classmates to play with because she misses social cues and is impulsive.Based on this,Dara is most likely to be diagnosed with

Accepted Answer

Dara's symptoms, such as difficulty sitting still and impulsivity, are characteristic of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Missing social cues is not exclusive to ADHD but is more central to autism spectrum disorder; however, the emphasis on movement and impulsivity points more directly to ADHD.

Question 15

Rachel has a disorder that is characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication.She has trouble understanding other people's mental states and often performs strange hand movements.Rachel most likely

Accepted Answer

Rachel's symptoms, including difficulties with social interaction and communication, trouble understanding other people's mental states, and performing strange hand movements, are characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is known for these core symptoms, which align with Rachel's described condition.

Question 16

Which of the following children would have the most difficult time making an emotional connection with other children?

Accepted Answer

Children with autism often have significant challenges in social interactions and forming emotional connections with others, more so than children with ADHD, specific learning disorders, or motor disorders.

Question 17

Sally is in jail for assault but she consistently tells the police that she does not remember arguing with her boyfriend or hitting him with her car.In fact,she cannot remember anything that happened over the last two days.If Sally is telling the truth,then she may be experiencing dissociative

Accepted Answer

Dissociative amnesia involves an inability to recall important personal information, usually after a stressful or traumatic event, which fits Sally's situation of not remembering the incident.

Question 18

Augustine's first-grade teacher tells his parents that he is "out of control" at school because he frequently interrupts his classmates,does not follow directions,and acts impulsively.Augustine's parents might be worried he has

Accepted Answer

Augustine's behaviors suggest a neurodevelopmental disorder, such as ADHD, characterized by impulsivity, difficulty following directions, and interrupting others. These are common symptoms in children with such disorders.

Question 19

The most likely reason for the dramatic increase in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder is

Accepted Answer

The dramatic increase in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder is primarily attributed to greater awareness of the symptoms and the broader application of the diagnosis to a wider array of behaviors. This has led to more people being identified and diagnosed, contributing to the observed increase in cases.

Question 20

Juan has extreme difficulty using his math skills when compared with other students his age.However,his performance in other subject areas is above average.If Juan has a neurodevelopmental disorder,he is most likely to be diagnosed with a(n)

Accepted Answer

Specific learning disorder is characterized by difficulties learning and using academic skills, such as those seen in math, which is not indicative of the individual's overall intelligence. Juan's above-average performance in other areas suggests that his difficulties are specific to math, aligning with the definition of a specific learning disorder.

Quiz 14: Psychological Disorders