How Did the Writings of James Madison Shape America's Understanding

How did the writings of James Madison shape America's understanding of its new political institutions?

A) They argued that religion had a key role to play in ethical governance.
B) They created resistance among the elite toward craft guilds and other labor organizations.
C) They refocused attention on the "virtuous citizen" as the foundation of good government.
D) They emphasized the need for the nation to have one single interest that superseded all others.
E) They reinforced the belief that westward expansion was essential to freedom.