Question 1

By 1800, which type of labor had all but disappeared from the United States?
A) indentured servitude
B) wage labor
C) slavery
D) paid domestic service
E) child labor

Accepted Answer

By 1800, indentured servitude, a system where individuals worked for a fixed term in exchange for passage to the Americas, land, or other benefits, had largely disappeared in the United States. This was due to changes in the labor market, the economy, and the availability of other forms of labor, such as slavery and wage labor.

Question 2

Based on Jefferson's writings regarding "tyranny over the mind of man," which of the following was most troubling to him?
A) Enlightenment ideals
B) public financing of religious institutions
C) the lack of a king to take on certain responsibilities
D) the principle of coverture
E) John Locke's ideas

Accepted Answer

Jefferson was deeply troubled by the idea of public financing of religious institutions, as he believed in the separation of church and state and the freedom of religious belief, viewing any state support for religious institutions as a form of tyranny over the mind.

Question 3

An example of anti-Catholicism during the 1770s was the
A) barring of Catholics from southern state militias.
B) Second Continental Congress's refusal to accept aid from Catholic France.
C) widespread arrests of Catholics as potential British spies by Pennsylvania authorities.
D) famous attack on a Boston convent by Massachusetts minutemen.
E) First Continental Congress's denunciation of the Quebec Act.

Accepted Answer

The Quebec Act of 1774 extended the boundaries of Quebec and granted freedom of worship to Catholics, which alarmed the predominantly Protestant Thirteen Colonies. They saw it as a threat to their liberty and an example of British favoritism towards Catholics, leading to its denunciation by the First Continental Congress as an intolerable act.

Question 4

Which statement best represents how the founders viewed the United States' role in the world?
A) as a model of peaceful relations between indigenous people and settlers
B) as a refuge for persecuted and oppressed people of every nation
C) as a model of gender equality
D) as a model of a post-slavery society
E) as a model of a socialist economy

Accepted Answer

The founders of the United States envisioned the country as a refuge for persecuted and oppressed people from every nation, reflecting the nation's founding principles of liberty and freedom. This vision is encapsulated in the welcoming words of the Statue of Liberty and in the writings and speeches of many of the founding fathers.

Question 5

What was the response to the idea of the separation of church and state in America after the Revolution?
A) Catholics filled the majority of leadership positions in the new nation because the Catholic Church had long enjoyed a privileged status in the colonies.
B) Because religion had played such a small role in the American colonies, very little changed after the Revolution, and few Americans acknowledged any sort of shift between church and state.
C) The Anglican Church quickly became the dominant religion in the new nation because the idea of separating church and state had so little popular support.
D) Both deists and evangelical leaders supported this idea and believed there to be freeing aspects of having a government that functioned outside of religious control.
E) Religious leaders completely abandoned the traditional definition of Christian liberty to no longer involve submitting to God's will and leading a moral life.

Accepted Answer

The idea of separating church and state was supported by both deists, who often questioned traditional religious institutions, and evangelical leaders, who saw the separation as a way to practice their faith more freely without government interference. This concept was seen as a way to ensure religious freedom and prevent the government from favoring or establishing a national church.

Question 6

For which three accomplishments did Thomas Jefferson wish to be remembered?
A) presidency, the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution
B) Louisiana Purchase, presidency, the Declaration of Independence
C) the Constitution, the University of Virginia, presidency
D) the "Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom," the Declaration of Independence, Louisiana Purchase
E) the Declaration of Independence, the University of Virginia, the "Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom"

Accepted Answer

Thomas Jefferson wished to be remembered for three specific accomplishments: authoring the Declaration of Independence, founding the University of Virginia, and drafting the "Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom" in Virginia. These were the achievements he chose for his epitaph, notably excluding his presidency.

Question 7

Why did apprenticeship and indentured servitude decline after the Revolution?
A) King George III had supported those ideas, and anything associated with the king was unpopular in the United States.
B) Many apprentices and indentures had refused to fight in the Revolution, and their bosses, resenting them for it, got rid of them.
C) Thomas Paine's criticism of them in Common Sense greatly influenced the many who had read his pamphlet.
D) Northerners were outlawing slavery in their state constitutions and began to eliminate apprenticeship and indentured servitude as well amid southern charges of hypocrisy.
E) The lack of freedom inherent in apprenticeship and indentured servitude struck growing numbers of Americans as incompatible with republican citizenship.

Accepted Answer

The decline of apprenticeship and indentured servitude after the Revolution was largely due to the growing sentiment that these practices were incompatible with the ideals of freedom and republican citizenship that were becoming central to American identity.

Question 8

As a result of the religious freedom created by the Revolution,
A) organized religion became less important in American life over the next thirty years.
B) upstart churches began challenging the well-established churches.
C) the number of religious denominations in the United States declined.
D) violent struggles between religious groups were not uncommon in the backcountry.
E) tax-supported churches flourished in every state in the new nation.

Accepted Answer

The religious freedom established by the Revolution allowed for a greater diversity of religious practices and beliefs, leading to the emergence of new, "upstart" churches that challenged the dominance of the previously well-established ones.

Question 9

How did the War for Independence affect anti-Catholicism in America?
A) Anti-Catholicism increased when Quebec Catholics volunteered in large numbers for the British army.
B) Because Americans resented Catholic France negotiating a separate peace with Great Britain, anti-Catholicism became more prevalent.
C) Independence led the states to impose anti-Catholic laws that they had been unable to adopt when they were under British control.
D) The alliance with France, a predominantly Catholic country, helped diminish American anti-Catholicism.
E) Spain's wartime aid to Britain led Georgia colonists to attack Catholic missions in Florida.

Accepted Answer

The alliance with France, a predominantly Catholic country, during the American Revolution helped to reduce anti-Catholic sentiment in America, as France's support was crucial for the American victory.

Question 10

What was Thomas Jefferson's primary motivation for advocating for public education?
A) to make religion a prominent part of schooling
B) to increase ignorance so that government leaders could get away with more
C) to increase the number of merchants
D) to make the people more informed voters
E) to improve relations with the native Americans

Accepted Answer

Thomas Jefferson advocated for public education primarily to make the people more informed voters. He believed that an educated citizenry was essential for the health and success of a democracy, as it would enable people to make informed decisions at the polls.

Question 11

Patriot leaders worried about how difficult it would be to encourage the quality of "virtue" in the new society. Which of the following describes what they meant by "virtue"?
A) the ability of citizens to value the public good over self-interest
B) the guarantee that Native Americans would keep their lands
C) the promise that women would be able to own their own property
D) the voluntary freeing of slaves by slave owners
E) the requirement that education remain untouched by government

Accepted Answer

Virtue, in the context of the concerns of Patriot leaders, referred to the moral quality of citizens prioritizing the common good or public interest above their personal or selfish interests. This concept was seen as essential for the success and sustainability of the new republic.

Question 12

To encourage virtue in future citizens, Thomas Jefferson and John Adams
A) asked for the Declaration of Independence to be read every month at the town square.
B) proposed free public education.
C) wanted church attendance to be mandatory.
D) proposed that ministers become teachers in public schools.
E) wanted a second revolution.

Accepted Answer

Jefferson and Adams believed in the power of education to cultivate a virtuous and informed citizenry, which is why they proposed free public education. This was part of their broader vision for America, where an educated populace would be essential for the success of the republic.

Question 13

Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Rush, and John Adams advocated for the creation of free, state-supported schools primarily because
A) they believed the schools should train Americans in trades and farmwork.
B) they believed all citizens should have military training in case another war broke out with Britain.
C) they believed the schools should teach citizens about the Puritan faith.
D) they believed educating citizens was necessary if a government based on liberty and the will of the people was to survive.
E) they believed the best way to get citizens to comply with the laws of the land was to have students memorize laws from an early age.

Accepted Answer

They believed that an educated citizenry was essential for the survival and success of a republic based on democratic principles and individual liberties.

Question 14

Which of the following is true of how the new state constitutions in the Revolutionary era dealt with the issue of religious liberty?
A) Several states finally allowed Jews to vote and to hold public office.
B) States increased public funding of religion because they no longer had to win British approval to do so.
C) Seven state constitutions began with a declaration of rights that included a commitment to "the free exercise of religion."
D) Thomas Jefferson wrote a "Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom" in Virginia, but the House of Burgesses never adopted it.
E) Deists and evangelicals fought with one another over whether church and state should be separate.

Accepted Answer

Seven state constitutions began with a declaration of rights that included a commitment to "the free exercise of religion."

Question 15

Which of the following statements accurately describes the religious views expressed by founding fathers such as Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton?
A) They attributed the American victory in the Revolutionary War almost entirely to divine intervention and, thus, wished for religion to play a prominent role in the new government.
B) They wanted to implement some form of separation between church and state but argued that states in the new nation must keep their established, publicly funded churches.
C) They rejected the idea of a benevolent Creator and sought to convince early Americans to treat atheism as the belief system underlying the separation of church and state.
D) They sought to avoid religious conflicts in the new nation and viewed religious doctrines through the Enlightenment lens of rationalism and skepticism.
E) They promoted the expansion of religions such as Judaism within the new nation to increase diversity and successfully kept the new states from barring Jews from voting.

Accepted Answer

The founding fathers, including Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton, often viewed religious doctrines through the lens of Enlightenment ideals, which emphasized rationalism and skepticism. This perspective influenced their approach to religion in the new nation, aiming to avoid religious conflicts and ensure freedom of belief by separating church and state.

Question 16

Which of the following describes what Samuel Adams meant when he described America as a "Christian Sparta"?
A) a nation focused mainly on spreading Christianity to Native Americans and slaves now that the war was over
B) a nation in which Christian morality and personal self-discipline created an exemplary citizenry
C) a nation committed to the separation of church and state such that religious values were absent from the conversation
D) a nation that had the moral obligation of all Christians to dedicate themselves to abolishing slavery
E) a nation that required all Christians to commit their lives to political service in the new republic

Accepted Answer

Samuel Adams's description of America as a "Christian Sparta" refers to his vision of a nation where Christian morality and personal self-discipline shaped an exemplary citizenry, drawing a parallel with the ancient Spartan emphasis on discipline and virtue.

Question 17

Which statement is accurate about religious freedom in the United States during the early republic period?
A) Deists sought to separate church and state in order to free politics from religious control.
B) Jews gained the right to vote and hold public office in most states.
C) Seven states limited officeholding to Catholics.
D) Throughout the country, Muslims gained the right to vote.
E) Throughout the country, states established new nondenominational churches.

Accepted Answer

Deists, including some of the Founding Fathers, advocated for the separation of church and state to ensure that politics remained free from religious influence. This principle was integral to the early republic's approach to religious freedom, aiming to prevent any single religion from dominating government affairs.

Question 18

As a result of greater religious freedom, the number of religious denominations in the early republic
A) decreased dramatically.
B) decreased somewhat.
C) increased dramatically.
D) stayed about the same.
E) is not known.

Accepted Answer

The number of religious denominations in the early republic increased dramatically as a result of greater religious freedom, allowing for a wider variety of religious practices and beliefs to flourish.

Question 19

Why did John Adams believe that land ownership was vital to society?
A) He opposed slavery and felt that if small farmers owned land, they would have the power to outvote slaveowners.
B) If more people owned land, it would be less likely that fixed and unequal social classes would emerge.
C) Land ownership would make people more conservative, and that would counteract any democratic impulses.
D) Government would have to encourage it, and Adams believed in an activist federal government.
E) Adams had lost his land when he took the unpopular position of representing British soldiers who participated in the Boston Massacre, and he knew how important the issue was.

Accepted Answer

John Adams believed that widespread land ownership was essential for preventing the emergence of fixed and unequal social classes, which he thought would threaten the stability and fairness of society.

Question 20

What condition did both Noah Webster and John Adams identify as being vital for social equality?
A) the freeing of the slaves
B) effective wage and price controls
C) the absence of religion from public morality
D) women's suffrage
E) widespread land ownership

Accepted Answer

Both Noah Webster and John Adams believed that widespread land ownership was vital for social equality, as it would allow individuals to be economically independent and have a stake in the society, thus promoting a more equal and democratic society.

Quiz 6: The Revolution Within

By 1800, which type of labor had all but disappeared from the United States?

Based on Jefferson's writings regarding "tyranny over the mind of man," which of the following was most troubling to him?

An example of anti-Catholicism during the 1770s was the

Which statement best represents how the founders viewed the United States' role in the world?

What was the response to the idea of the separation of church and state in America after the Revolution?

For which three accomplishments did Thomas Jefferson wish to be remembered?

Why did apprenticeship and indentured servitude decline after the Revolution?

As a result of the religious freedom created by the Revolution,

How did the War for Independence affect anti-Catholicism in America?

What was Thomas Jefferson's primary motivation for advocating for public education?

Patriot leaders worried about how difficult it would be to encourage the quality of "virtue" in the new society. Which of the following describes what they meant by "virtue"?

To encourage virtue in future citizens, Thomas Jefferson and John Adams

Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Rush, and John Adams advocated for the creation of free, state-supported schools primarily because

Which of the following is true of how the new state constitutions in the Revolutionary era dealt with the issue of religious liberty?

Which of the following statements accurately describes the religious views expressed by founding fathers such as Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton?

Which of the following describes what Samuel Adams meant when he described America as a "Christian Sparta"?

Which statement is accurate about religious freedom in the United States during the early republic period?

As a result of greater religious freedom, the number of religious denominations in the early republic

Why did John Adams believe that land ownership was vital to society?

What condition did both Noah Webster and John Adams identify as being vital for social equality?