Question 1

Jarrod's doctor recommend which of the following route of administration to him quite smoking?

Accepted Answer

Topical applications, such as nicotine patches, are commonly recommended for smoking cessation as they provide a steady release of nicotine to help reduce withdrawal symptoms.

Question 2

Which of the following would NOT be considered a perception-altering agent?

Accepted Answer

GHB (Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid) is primarily a central nervous system depressant and is not typically classified as a perception-altering agent in the same way that hallucinogens like LSD, MDMA, and PCP are. These substances are known for their strong effects on altering perception, mood, and consciousness, whereas GHB is more commonly associated with sedative and euphoric effects.

Question 3

Caffeine and cocaine are both considered to be stimulant drugs.

Accepted Answer

Caffeine and cocaine are both stimulants that affect the central nervous system and increase alertness, energy, and focus. However, cocaine is considered to be much more potent and addictive than caffeine.

Question 4

What is a possible side effect of an opioid?

Accepted Answer

Opioids can cause miosis, which is the medical term for the constriction of the pupils, leading to what is commonly described as "pinpoint pupils." This is a well-documented side effect of opioid use.

Question 5

Which drug classification could produce muscles twitching?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which drug classification could produce muscles twitching?
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Question 6

Ritalin was the most commonly used Injection drug used among street youth, according to the Canadian Street Youth study in 2003.

Accepted Answer

The Canadian Street Youth study in 2003 did not identify Ritalin as the most commonly used injection drug among street youth; substances like heroin, cocaine, and amphetamines were more prevalent.

Question 7

If the repeated exposure to a drug increases the activity of the CYP450 enzyme that is responsible for metabolizing that drug, then future doses of the drug will be less effective than the first doses. What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of drug disposition tolerance, which occurs when changes in the body's ability to metabolize a drug lead to a decrease in the drug's effectiveness over time. In this case, the increased activity of the CYP450 enzyme, responsible for drug metabolism, results in the drug being metabolized more quickly, reducing its effectiveness with repeated use.

Question 8

When drug use interferes with normal behaviour, experienced users may learn to compensate and show less impairment than new users. What does this demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

Behavioural tolerance refers to the phenomenon where experienced drug users learn to compensate for the impairing effects of the drug through behavioural adaptations, allowing them to function more normally despite the presence of the drug in their system.

Question 9

Which statement describes what is known regarding inhalation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement describes what is known regarding...

Question 10

Placebo effects are another name for nonspecific effects.

Accepted Answer

Placebo effects are considered nonspecific because they are not attributable to the specific therapeutic action of the treatment itself but rather to the patient's perception and belief in the treatment.

Question 11

A drug's generic name can only be used by one company.

Accepted Answer

While a drug's generic name is not exclusive to one company, a brand name created by a company to market their version of the drug is typically trademarked and can only be used by that company.

Question 12

Marijuana and heroin are both considered to be opioid drugs.

Accepted Answer

Marijuana is not an opioid drug. While heroin is classified as an opioid, it is a much stronger and more dangerous drug than most prescription opioids.

Question 13

_____ are inactive in their original form and become active only after they are altered by the liver enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Prodrugs are compounds that are inactive in their original form and require metabolic conversion by the body, often by liver enzymes, to become active drugs. This process allows for controlled activation and can improve the drug's properties, such as its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

Question 14

Some drugs may act on all types of neurons by doing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Altering the electrical potential across the cell membrane can affect all types of neurons because it disrupts the fundamental process of action potential generation and propagation, which is essential for neuron function.

Question 15

Which route of administration will Martha use if she want her drug to go directly into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous administration involves delivering a drug directly into the bloodstream, providing immediate effect by bypassing absorption barriers.

Question 16

Which route of administration would describe vaginal suppositories, chewing tobacco, and sniffing cocaine?

Accepted Answer

These methods involve applying substances directly to a body surface or cavity, which is characteristic of topical applications.

Question 17

If drug doses are taken too close together, the maximum blood level will increase with each dose and can result in cumulative effects.

Accepted Answer

When drug doses are taken too close together, the drug from the previous dose has not been fully metabolized or excreted, leading to higher concentrations in the blood with each subsequent dose, which can indeed result in cumulative effects and potentially toxicity.

Question 18

The most common way for drug molecules to be deactivated is by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

CYP450 enzymes in the liver are primarily responsible for the metabolism and deactivation of most drug molecules, making them the most common pathway for drug deactivation.

Question 19

Occasionally, the repeated use of a drug leads to pharmacodynamic tolerance, which is based on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Pharmacodynamic tolerance occurs when there is a reduced sensitivity of neurons to a drug, meaning the drug's effects are diminished over time, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effect.

Question 20

Cocaine, Heroin, and Ritalin are the top 3 preferred injectable drugs among Canadian street youth.

Accepted Answer

Heroin and cocaine are commonly injected drugs among street youth, but Ritalin, while abused, is not typically ranked among the top preferred injectable drugs in this demographic. Drugs like methamphetamine or fentanyl are more likely to be preferred for injection among street youth in various regions, including Canada.

Quiz 5: The Actions of Drugs