Question 1

In the conduction system of the heart, which of the following is responsible for collecting the electrical energy that stimulated the atria to contract?

Accepted Answer

The atrioventricular node is responsible for collecting the electrical energy that stimulated the atria to contract and transmitting it to the ventricles through the Bundle of His and Purkinje fibers, ultimately leading to ventricular contraction. The sinoatrial node is responsible for initiating the electrical impulse and setting the heart rate.

Question 2

The signal from the AV node is picked up by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The bundle of His sends the electrical charge through the ventricles.

Question 3

Blood vessels branching from the aorta to carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle are called

Accepted Answer

The blood vessels branching from the aorta to carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle are called coronary arteries. Venae cavae are large veins that carry deoxygenated blood to the heart, carotid arteries supply blood to the head and neck, and renal arteries supply blood to the kidneys.

Question 4

An example of a calcium channel blocker is

Accepted Answer

Cardizem is a calcium channel blocker used to treat hypertension, angina, and certain arrhythmias. Cozaar (A) and Lotensin (B) are both angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors used to treat hypertension. Tenormin (D) is a beta-blocker used to treat hypertension and certain arrhythmias.

Question 5

Which heart chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?

Accepted Answer

The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins.

Question 6

The _________ are the blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart.

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs back to the heart. The pulmonary arteries, on the other hand, carry oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. The superior and inferior vena cava are large veins that carry oxygen-poor blood from the body to the heart.

Question 7

Which drug is used to treat congestive heart failure?

Accepted Answer

Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that is used in the treatment of congestive heart failure. It works by increasing the strength and efficiency of the heart, which can help to reduce symptoms such as swelling and shortness of breath. Fluoxetine, gemfibrozil, triazolam, and warfarin are not used to treat congestive heart failure.

Question 8

Which of the following is an anticoagulant?

Accepted Answer

Warfarin (Coumadin) is an anticoagulant medication used to prevent blood clots.

Question 9

What is another name for a heart attack?

Accepted Answer

MI stands for myocardial infarction, which is another name for a heart attack. A CVA is a cerebrovascular accident or stroke, MS is multiple sclerosis, and CHF is congestive heart failure, which are not alternate names for a heart attack.

Question 10

A patient with chronic kidney disease has hypertension. What BP reading should this patient have to be within a healthy range?

Accepted Answer

Patients with chronic kidney disease are recommended to keep their blood pressure below 130/80 mm Hg to reduce the risk of further kidney damage and cardiovascular events. Choice A is too low as some people with CKD may experience adverse events, such as falls or fainting, if their blood pressure drops too low. Choice B is close but still slightly above the recommended range. Choice D is too high and puts the patient at increased risk for complications.

Question 11

Sensitive tissue in the right atrium wall that initiates the heartbeat is known as the

Accepted Answer

The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in the right atrium wall and is responsible for initiating the heartbeat by generating electrical impulses. The tricuspid is a heart valve, the atrioventricular node is responsible for conducting impulses between the atria and the ventricles, and the bundle of His is responsible for conducting impulses to the ventricles.

Question 12

A bruit noted during auscultation in the area of a blood vessel often is a sign of

Accepted Answer

A bruit noted during auscultation in the area of a blood vessel often indicates turbulence or abnormal blood flow, which can be caused by an aneurysm. A bruit is not typically associated with an embolus, phlebitis, or a thrombus.

Question 13

Women have different symptoms of heart disease because

Accepted Answer

Women tend to develop an evenly spread layer of plaque, which can lead to less visible symptoms or warning signs. Additionally, atheroma (plaque buildup) can occur in smaller vessels, leading to more subtle symptoms and an increased risk of heart attack.

Question 14

The blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood to the heart is called the

Accepted Answer

The superior and inferior venae cavae deliver venous blood to the right atrium.

Question 15

What is the principal sign of coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

The reduction of blood supply to the myocardium, typically caused by narrowing or blockage in the coronary arteries, is the principal sign of coronary artery disease. Damaged heart valves, inflammation of blood vessels, and an irregular heartbeat may be associated with other cardiac conditions but are not specific signs of coronary artery disease.

Question 16

Thrombi form in the coronary arteries because of

Accepted Answer

Thrombi typically form in the coronary arteries because of inflammation at the site of an atherosclerotic plaque. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process that can lead to the formation of plaque buildup in the arteries. When these plaques become unstable, they can rupture and cause the formation of a thrombus (blood clot) which can block the artery and lead to a heart attack. While some cardiovascular medications may increase the risk of blood clots or bleeding, they do not typically cause thrombi to form in the coronary arteries. Inherited factors may play a role in the development of atherosclerosis, but they do not directly cause thrombi. DVTs (deep vein thrombosis) occur in the veins rather than the arteries and are not directly related to the formation of thrombi in the coronary arteries.

Question 17

The part of the conduction system of the heart that wraps around the outer walls of the ventricles is/are the

Accepted Answer

The Purkinje fibers are specialized muscle fibers that are responsible for transmitting electrical impulses through the ventricles, causing them to contract and pump blood out of the heart. These fibers wrap around the outer walls of the ventricles, allowing for efficient and coordinated contraction. The other options listed are also parts of the conduction system, but they do not wrap around the ventricles in the same way that the Purkinje fibers do.

Question 18

The ______________ is the saclike membrane surrounding the heart.

Accepted Answer

The pericardium is a sac-like membrane that surrounds and protects the heart. It is composed of two layers: the inner layer, or visceral pericardium, which directly covers the heart, and the outer layer, or parietal pericardium, which lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium. The pericardium contains a small amount of fluid that allows the heart to move within the sac without friction.

Question 19

The blood vessel branching from the heart that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs is called the

Accepted Answer

The pulmonary artery branches off from the right ventricle of the heart and carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation. The vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium of the heart, and the carotid and renal arteries are not involved in carrying blood to the lungs.

Question 20

Patients diagnosed with stage 1 hypertension are first prescribed a(n)

Accepted Answer

Diuretics are usually the first medication prescribed for stage 1 hypertension. They work to decrease blood pressure by reducing the amount of water and salt in the body, which in turn reduces the amount of fluid circulating through blood vessels. This decreases the workload on the heart, leading to lower blood pressure. ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and low-dose aspirin are also used in hypertension management, but diuretics are typically the initial recommendation.

Quiz 40: Assisting in Cardiology