Question 1

_____ is the tendency to regard one's own ethnic group and culture as superior to others and to believe that its customs and way of life are the standards by which other cultures should be judged.

Accepted Answer

Ethnocentrism is the correct term for the tendency to view one's own culture as superior and as the standard by which other cultures should be judged. Ethnomethodology refers to the study of the methods people employ to make sense of the world around them, while ethnology refers to the study of different cultures and their characteristics. Ethnicity refers to a shared cultural heritage and identity based on factors such as language, religion, and ancestry.

Question 2

Which of the following is cross-culturally true with regard to the relationship between sexual expression and the infliction of pain?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is cross-culturally true...

Question 3

The media's constant stereotypical depiction of good-looking people as being happier, healthier, more successful, and living more glamorous lives causes many young viewers to overestimate the importance of physical appearance in real life.Which of the following types of media influence is best described in this example?

Accepted Answer

Cultivation theory suggests that long-term exposure to media content can shape an individual's perceptions of reality, leading them to believe that the depictions they see are reflective of real life. In this case, the media's portrayal of good-looking people influences young viewers' perceptions of the importance of physical appearance.

Question 4

_____ refers to the traditional ideas and values passed down from generation to generation within a group and transmitted to members of the group by symbols.

Accepted Answer

Culture is the traditional ideas and values passed down from generation to generation within a group and transmitted to members of the group by symbols.

Question 5

A group of twelve engineering students from California travel to China for an extended study tour.While staying there, the students realize that the Chinese have a completely different understanding of sexual expression.Couples rarely hug or kiss in public places, advertisements of products related to sexuality are few, and sexual content in the media is heavily censored.The students experience a conflict between how sexuality is perceived in America and China.Which of the following concepts best explains this conflict?

Accepted Answer

Ethnocentrism is the concept where individuals judge another culture based on the standards and values of their own culture, leading to a conflict in understanding different cultural practices.

Question 6

_____ refers to the idea that the media define what is important and what is not by which stories they cover.

Accepted Answer

Agenda setting refers to the media's role in determining which topics are considered important by choosing which stories to cover.

Question 7

Avid viewers of TV soap operas may begin to believe that sexual intercourse between unmarried individuals is mainstream because this is the most frequently shown sexual activity on these programs.This process is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Cultivation theory suggests that long-term exposure to media content can shape viewers' perceptions of reality, leading them to believe that what they see on TV reflects real life. In this case, frequent depictions of sexual intercourse between unmarried individuals on TV soap operas may lead viewers to perceive it as a common societal norm.

Question 8

In the 20^th century, a study looking at the physiology of sexual response was conducted by:

Accepted Answer

Masters and Johnson conducted pioneering research on the physiology of sexual response in the 20th century, leading to the publication of their work "Human Sexual Response" in 1966.

Question 9

In communications theory, _____ is the idea that the media provide role models whom we imitate.

Accepted Answer

Social learning theory suggests that individuals learn behaviors, values, and attitudes through observation and imitation of others. This includes learning from media figures or characters and imitating their behaviors or attitudes, thus shaping our own behaviors and attitudes in the process.

Question 10

In a particular year, news channels extensively report the high-profile divorce of a celebrity, while providing very little coverage of a hurricane in the country.Thus, stories concerning the lives of celebrities are given more importance by the media than the destruction of lives and property in a natural calamity.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Agenda setting refers to the media's ability to influence the importance placed on the topics of the public agenda. In this case, the media is prioritizing celebrity news over significant events like a hurricane, thus shaping public perception of what is important.

Question 11

A television network only telecasts shows that specifically carry sensationalized stories on the lives of the rich and the famous and their sexual exploits.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Agenda setting refers to the media's ability to influence the importance placed on the topics of the public agenda. By focusing on sensationalized stories, the network is setting an agenda that prioritizes these types of stories.

Question 12

_____ refers to the view that exposure to the mass media makes people think that what they see in the media represents the mainstream of what really occurs.

Accepted Answer

Cultivation theory suggests that prolonged exposure to media content can shape an individual's perceptions of reality, making them believe that the media's portrayal reflects the real world.

Question 13

Since its inception in the late 1800s, the scientific study of sex has been:

Accepted Answer

The scientific study of sex has involved contributions from various disciplines such as biology, psychology, sociology, and anthropology, making it an interdisciplinary effort.

Question 14

Fiona is a teenager in high school and a fan of a TV show that centers on the lives of a group of rich socialites.She emulates the characters so much that even her wardrobe resembles that of the female leads on the show.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

This is an example of social learning, where Fiona is imitating behaviors and styles she observes in the TV show, reflecting the influence of media on her behavior and preferences.

Question 15

_____ refers to a regulation prohibiting sexual interaction between blood relatives.

Accepted Answer

The incest taboo refers to a regulation prohibiting sexual interaction between blood relatives. Kinship taboo refers to the social and cultural prohibition of sexual relationships or marriage with certain individuals based on their social or kinship status. Oedipal taboo refers to the unconscious sense of rivalry that exists between a child and their same-sex parent for the possession of the opposite-sex parent’s affection. Electra complex refers to the unconscious sexual desire that a female child might feel for her father and her mother as a rival.

Question 16

In the American society, a woman with a slim figure is considered to be more attractive than a woman who is plump or overweight.However, for members of certain other cultures, the exact opposite might be true.This difference can be related to the concept of:

Accepted Answer

The difference in cultural standards of beauty regarding body size illustrates the concept of ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism refers to the belief that one's own culture is superior to others, which can lead to a lack of understanding or appreciation of other cultures' values and norms. In this case, the American standard of beauty is being contrasted with the standards of beauty in other cultures, highlighting the ethnocentric assumption that one's own cultural values are universal.

Question 17

Incest taboo is:

Accepted Answer

The incest taboo is a nearly universal cultural norm that prohibits sexual relations between close relatives. It is found in almost all societies around the world, not just in Western cultures.

Question 18

Most societies are consistent in:

Accepted Answer

Most societies tend to show some level of disapproval or discomfort regarding adult masturbation, often due to cultural, religious, or social norms.

Question 19

One of Magnus Hirschfeld's special areas of interest in the study of human sexuality was:

Accepted Answer

Magnus Hirschfeld was one of the first scholars to study homosexuality scientifically and advocated for the decriminalization of homosexuality. He co-founded the Scientific-Humanitarian Committee, which aimed to repeal the German law criminalizing homosexuality.

Question 20

The frequency of sexual intercourse varies considerably across societies.Most societies:

Accepted Answer

Most societies have cultural or religious norms that impose restrictions on sexual intercourse at certain times or in specific situations, such as during religious observances or menstruation.

Quiz 1: Sexuality in Perspective