Question 1

What would indicate decompensated acidosis related to shock? A) Serum bicarbonate level below normal B) PCO₂ above normal C) Serum pH below normal range D) Urine pH of 4.5

Accepted Answer

Decompensated acidosis in shock is indicated by a serum pH below the normal range, reflecting the body's inability to maintain acid-base balance.

Question 2

Atherosclerosis in the iliac or femoral arteries is likely to cause which of the following?
1) Gangrenous ulcers in the legs
2) Strong rapid pulses in the legs
3) Intermittent claudication
4) Red, swollen legs
A)1, 2
B)1, 3
C)2, 3
D)2, 4

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis in the iliac or femoral arteries can lead to reduced blood flow, causing intermittent claudication (pain during walking) and potentially gangrenous ulcers due to poor circulation.

Question 3

A friction rub is associated with:
A) infectious endocarditis.
B) arrhythmias.
C) pericarditis.
D) an incompetent aortic valve.

Accepted Answer

A friction rub is a characteristic sound heard in pericarditis, caused by the rubbing of the inflamed pericardial layers.

Question 4

A dissecting aortic aneurysm develops as:
A) a dilation or bulge that develops at one point on the aortic wall.
B) a thrombus that accumulates at a point in the aortic wall.
C) a section of the aorta that weakens and dilates in all directions.
D) a tear in the intimal lining, which allows blood flow between layers of the aortic wall.

Accepted Answer

A dissecting aortic aneurysm occurs when there is a tear in the intimal lining of the aorta, allowing blood to flow between the layers of the aortic wall, creating a false lumen.

Question 5

Why does anaphylactic shock cause severe hypoxia very quickly?
A) Generalized vasoconstriction reduces venous return.
B) Bronchoconstriction and bronchial edema reduce airflow.
C) Heart rate and contractility are reduced.
D) Metabolic rate is greatly increased.

Accepted Answer

Anaphylactic shock causes bronchoconstriction and bronchial edema, which significantly reduce airflow to the lungs, leading to severe hypoxia quickly.

Question 6

What are the early signs of circulatory shock?
1) Pale moist skin
2) Loss of consciousness
3) Anxiety and restlessness
4) Rapid strong pulse
A)1, 2
B)1, 3
C)1, 4
D)3, 4

Accepted Answer

Pale moist skin and anxiety/restlessness are early signs of circulatory shock due to reduced blood flow and oxygen to tissues.

Question 7

When is a diagnosis of essential hypertension likely to be considered in young or middle-aged individuals?
A) Blood pressure remains consistently above 140/90
B) Blood pressure fluctuates between 130/85 and 180/105
C) Blood pressure increases rapidly and is unresponsive to medication
D) Chronic kidney disease leads to consistently elevated blood pressure

Accepted Answer

Essential hypertension is typically diagnosed when blood pressure remains consistently above 140/90 mmHg without an identifiable secondary cause.

Question 8

With shock, anaerobic cell metabolism and decreased renal blood flow cause:
A) metabolic alkalosis.
B) metabolic acidosis.
C) decreased serum potassium.
D) increased serum bicarbonate.

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic metabolism leads to the production of lactic acid, causing metabolic acidosis.

Question 9

What is the primary reason for amputation of gangrenous toes or feet in patients with peripheral vascular disease?
A) It promotes more rapid healing of ulcerated areas.
B) It improves circulation to other areas.
C) It prevents spread of infection and reduces pain.
D) It reduces swelling in the peripheral areas.

Accepted Answer

Amputation of gangrenous toes or feet is primarily done to prevent the spread of infection and to reduce pain, as gangrene can lead to severe infection and is often painful.

Question 10

Shock follows a myocardial infarction when:
A) the stress response causes general vasodilation.
B) fluid is lost into ischemic tissues.
C) heart valves are damaged.
D) a large portion of the myocardium is damaged.

Accepted Answer

Shock follows a myocardial infarction when a large portion of the myocardium is damaged, leading to decreased cardiac output and impaired circulation.

Question 11

Neurogenic (vasogenic) shock results from systemic vasodilation due to:
A) increased peripheral resistance and less blood in the microcirculation.
B) increased permeability of all the blood vessels, leading to hypovolemia.
C) slower, less forceful cardiac contractions.
D) increased capacity of the vascular system and reduced venous return.

Accepted Answer

Neurogenic shock is characterized by systemic vasodilation, which increases the capacity of the vascular system, leading to reduced venous return and decreased cardiac output.

Question 12

Which factor predisposes to varicose veins during pregnancy?
A) Compressed pelvic veins
B) Stenotic valves in leg veins
C) Thrombus formation
D) Insufficient muscle support for veins

Accepted Answer

During pregnancy, the growing uterus can compress pelvic veins, increasing venous pressure in the legs and leading to varicose veins.

Question 13

An echocardiogram is used to demonstrate any abnormal:
A) activity in the conduction system.
B) movement of the heart valves.
C) change in central venous pressure.
D) blood flow in coronary arteries.

Accepted Answer

An echocardiogram uses ultrasound to visualize the heart's structure and function, including the movement of the heart valves.

Question 14

Shock develops in patients with severe burns as a result of:
A) extensive hemorrhage.
B) pain and loss of plasma.
C) direct damage to the heart.
D) extensive hemolysis of erythrocytes.

Accepted Answer

Shock in burn patients is primarily due to the loss of plasma from the damaged skin, leading to hypovolemia, and the intense pain that can exacerbate the shock state.

Question 15

Shock is defined as:
A) failure of the heart to supply sufficient blood to body cells.
B) general hypoxia, causing damage to various organs.
C) decreased circulating blood and tissue perfusion.
D) loss of blood, causing severe hypoxia.

Accepted Answer

Shock is a condition characterized by decreased circulating blood volume and inadequate tissue perfusion, leading to insufficient oxygen and nutrient delivery to cells and organs.

Question 16

The outcome for many aortic aneurysms is:
A) early diagnosis and repair.
B) thrombus formation and pulmonary embolus.
C) rupture and hemorrhage.
D) pressure on adjacent organs or structures.

Accepted Answer

Aortic aneurysms can lead to rupture and hemorrhage, which is a life-threatening condition if not treated promptly.

Question 17

Phlebothrombosis is more likely to cause pulmonary emboli than is thrombophlebitis because:
A) platelets attach to the inflamed wall.
B) thrombus forms in a vein and is less firmly attached.
C) leg cramps require massage.
D) systemic signs of inflammation require treatment.

Accepted Answer

Phlebothrombosis involves thrombus formation in a vein without inflammation, making the thrombus less firmly attached and more likely to dislodge and cause a pulmonary embolism.

Question 18

A prolonged period of shock is likely to cause:
A) damage to, and increased permeability of, pulmonary capillaries.
B) increased permeability of the glomerular capillaries of the kidneys.
C) increased pH of blood and body fluids.
D) increased systemic vasoconstriction.

Accepted Answer

Prolonged shock can lead to damage and increased permeability of pulmonary capillaries due to the inflammatory response and hypoxia, which can result in pulmonary edema.

Question 19

The term intermittent claudication refers to:
A) sensory deficit in the legs due to damage to nerves.
B) chest pain related to ischemia.
C) ischemic muscle pain in the legs, particularly with exercise.
D) dry, cyanotic skin with superficial ulcers.

Accepted Answer

Intermittent claudication is characterized by ischemic muscle pain in the legs that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest, typically due to peripheral artery disease.

Question 20

A compensation for shock would include:
A) increased heart rate and oliguria.
B) lethargy and decreased responsiveness.
C) warm, dry, flushed skin.
D) weak, thready pulse.

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate and oliguria are compensatory mechanisms in shock to maintain blood pressure and conserve fluid.

Quiz 12: Cardiovascular System Disorders

What would indicate decompensated acidosis related to shock?

Atherosclerosis in the iliac or femoral arteries is likely to cause which of the following? 1) Gangrenous ulcers in the legs 2) Strong rapid pulses in the legs 3) Intermittent claudication 4) Red, swollen legs

A friction rub is associated with:

A dissecting aortic aneurysm develops as:

Why does anaphylactic shock cause severe hypoxia very quickly?

What are the early signs of circulatory shock? 1) Pale moist skin 2) Loss of consciousness 3) Anxiety and restlessness 4) Rapid strong pulse

When is a diagnosis of essential hypertension likely to be considered in young or middle-aged individuals?

With shock, anaerobic cell metabolism and decreased renal blood flow cause:

What is the primary reason for amputation of gangrenous toes or feet in patients with peripheral vascular disease?

Shock follows a myocardial infarction when:

Neurogenic (vasogenic) shock results from systemic vasodilation due to:

Which factor predisposes to varicose veins during pregnancy?

An echocardiogram is used to demonstrate any abnormal:

Shock develops in patients with severe burns as a result of:

Shock is defined as:

The outcome for many aortic aneurysms is:

Phlebothrombosis is more likely to cause pulmonary emboli than is thrombophlebitis because:

A prolonged period of shock is likely to cause:

The term intermittent claudication refers to:

A compensation for shock would include: