Question 1

An oval cross section of an adult femur suggests that the individual

Accepted Answer

An oval cross-section of a femur indicates that the bone has adapted to withstand stress from physical activity, suggesting the individual was likely very physically active.

Question 2

A symptom of anemia where spongy bone invades the eye sockets is called

Accepted Answer

Cribra orbitalia is a condition characterized by the presence of spongy or porous bone in the eye sockets, often associated with anemia.

Question 3

A round cross section of a long bone suggests that the bone will

Accepted Answer

A round cross section indicates that the bone has a uniform distribution of material around its center, providing equal strength in all directions.

Question 4

During your lab you are asked to identify the pathological feature of spongy bone invading the eye socket that occurs in the interior upper surface of the eye sockets; you diagnose the condition as

Accepted Answer

Cribra orbitalia is characterized by spongy bone invading the eye socket, often linked to iron-deficiency anemia or parasitic infections.

Question 5

The domestication of wheat and barley spread to Greece by ________ yBP.

Accepted Answer

The domestication of wheat and barley spread to Greece by around 7,000 years before present (yBP).

Question 6

Agriculture resulted in

Accepted Answer

Agriculture led to population sedentism and crowding as people settled in one place to farm, leading to denser populations.

Question 7

The core of the adaptive success characterized by population explosion was the result of

Accepted Answer

An increased food supply, often due to advancements in agriculture, allowed populations to grow rapidly as more resources were available to support larger communities.

Question 8

Agricultural foods eventually shifted nutrition from a generalized diet to one focused on

Accepted Answer

The answer of Agricultural foods eventually shifted nutrition from a...

Question 9

Hunter-gatherers' skeletons tend to show

Accepted Answer

Hunter-gatherers' skeletons tend to show higher levels of activity due to their physically demanding lifestyle, which involves hunting and foraging.

Question 10

Modern diseases made possible by overcrowding include, but are not limited to,

Accepted Answer

Overcrowding facilitates the spread of infectious diseases such as measles, mumps, cholera, smallpox, and influenza due to close human contact and poor sanitation.

Question 11

The last 10,000 years is called the

Accepted Answer

The last 10,000 years is known as the Holocene epoch, which is the current geological epoch following the Pleistocene.

Question 12

________ iron is found in some foods that provide all the amino acids humans require in their diet.

Accepted Answer

Heme iron is found in animal-based foods and is associated with proteins that provide all essential amino acids.

Question 13

The Neolithic site Çatalhöyük is located in

Accepted Answer

Çatalhöyük is an archaeological site located in present-day Turkey, which is part of southwest Asia.

Question 14

What form of subsistence pattern is found in the Neolithic period? Name three geographic regions where Neolithic lifeways appeared independently.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What form of subsistence pattern is found...

Question 15

Domesticated plants such as ________ come from temperate zone wild ancestors, while ________ come from warmer, more tropical regions.

Accepted Answer

Rye and wheat are domesticated plants that originate from temperate zones, while yam and manioc are from warmer, tropical regions.

Question 16

What effect did the advent of agriculture have on the level of interpersonal violence seen in the archaeological record?

Accepted Answer

The advent of agriculture led to the development of settled societies, which in turn created competition for resources and territory. This competition led to increased levels of interpersonal violence, as evidenced by the archaeological record. Additionally, the ability to store surplus food from agriculture made it possible for societies to support larger populations, creating more opportunities for conflict and violence.

Question 17

A(n) ________ is a scientist who studies plant remains in the archaeological record.

Accepted Answer

A paleoethnobotanist is a scientist who studies plant remains in the archaeological record. A paleontologist studies fossils, an ethnologist studies cultural practices and customs, and a zooarchaeologist studies animal remains in the archaeological record.

Question 18

Parasitic infections are a primary cause of ________ in many regions of the globe.

Accepted Answer

Parasitic infections can cause iron-deficiency anemia by feeding on the blood of their host or interfering with the host's ability to absorb nutrients. This is particularly common in regions with poor sanitation and limited access to healthcare. Staphylococcus aureus and treponematoses are caused by bacterial infections, and endemic disease refers to any disease that is consistently present in a particular region or population.

Question 19

By the close of the Pleistocene, the human population numbered

Accepted Answer

By the end of the Pleistocene, the human population was estimated to be several million, as this period marked the end of the last Ice Age and the beginning of significant human expansion and development.

Question 20

Comparisons between hunter-gatherers and later agriculturalists show

Accepted Answer

The transition from hunter-gatherer societies to agricultural societies is associated with a decline in skull size due to changes in diet and lifestyle, which affected cranial morphology.

Quiz 13: The Past 10,000 Years: Agriculture, Population, Biology