The Elements That Must Be Established by a Plaintiff in Proving

The elements that must be established by a plaintiff in proving the tort of defamation do not include:

A) The making of a statement by the defendant about the plaintiff that caused others to think less of the plaintiff.
B) Identification of the plaintiff in the statement.
C) Publication of the statement to someone other than the plaintiff.
D) An intention on the part of the defendant to defame the plaintiff.