Question 1

__________ is the sense of attachment to some higher power,such as God,nature,or a sacred entity.

Accepted Answer

Spirituality refers to the sense of attachment or connection to a higher power, such as God, nature, or a sacred entity.

Question 2

Which of the following is a predictor of spousal abuse?

Accepted Answer

A high level of verbal aggression is a known predictor of spousal abuse as it can escalate into physical violence.

Question 3

Borrowing from Piaget's approach to cognitive development,__________ is the stage in which children are able to think more abstractly,allowing them to understand the meaning of Bible stories and pictures,and to draw inferences from them.

Accepted Answer

The formal operational stage, according to Piaget, is when individuals develop the ability to think abstractly and logically, which allows them to understand complex concepts such as those found in religious stories.

Question 4

The relationship between religious meaning and __________ is stronger for African Americans than Caucasians.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that religious meaning is more strongly associated with life satisfaction among African Americans compared to Caucasians, possibly due to cultural and community factors.

Question 5

In Kohlberg's __________,moral reasoning follows rigid rules based on punishments or rewards.

Accepted Answer

Preconventional morality is the first level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development, where moral reasoning is based on external consequences, such as punishments or rewards.

Question 6

Summarize criticisms of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize criticisms of Kohlberg's theory of moral...

Question 7

Explain the major points regarding psychologist Carol Gilligan's theory of moral development for females.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the major points regarding psychologist Carol...

Question 8

Statistically,which older person is most likely to experience elder abuse?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia are at a higher risk of elder abuse, especially when living in a caretaker's home, due to their increased vulnerability and dependence on others for care.

Question 9

Which of the following explains the factor that could explain why children raised in cultures in which children are taught to cooperate with other family members to do chores or to help in the upbringing of younger children (such as in Kenya,Mexico,and the Philippines)show relatively high levels of prosocial behavior?

Accepted Answer

Childrearing styles in these cultures emphasize cooperation and responsibility from a young age, fostering prosocial behavior.

Question 10

Erica is envious of Sara's new sparkly red shoes.On the playground,she tells Sara she can't play with Erica and her friends because she's too fat.This is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

Relational aggression involves harming others through manipulation or damaging their social relationships, which is what Erica is doing by excluding Sara.

Question 11

Describe how religion and spirituality are related,and summarize the processes adolescents go through when contemplating each.What changes in these areas take place in the post-adolescent years?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how religion and spirituality are related,and...

Question 12

Summarize the reasons why parents physically abuse children,and explain how social conventions might indirectly contribute to this behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize the reasons why parents physically abuse...

Question 13

In Fowler's __________ stage of faith development,people in early and middle adulthood come to understand that their views are one of many and that multiple views of God are possible.

Accepted Answer

In Fowler's theory of faith development, the "individuative-reflective" stage is where individuals begin to critically examine their beliefs and recognize that their perspective is one among many, often occurring in early to middle adulthood.

Question 14

___________ approaches to aggression suggest that examining preschoolers' interpretations of others' behavior and the environmental context in which a behavior occurs is key to understanding moral development.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive approaches focus on understanding how individuals interpret and process information, which includes examining how preschoolers perceive others' behaviors and the context, crucial for moral development.

Question 15

Explain the results of Albert Bandura's experiment involving a Bobo doll,and note how it illustrates the social learning approach to understanding aggression.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the results of Albert Bandura's experiment...

Question 16

Which of these is a benefit of religion?

Accepted Answer

Religion often provides individuals with a framework to understand and cope with personal misfortunes, offering comfort and meaning in difficult times.

Question 17

Six-year-old Lida's offer to share her lunch with a classmate who has forgotten to bring a lunch is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

Prosocial behavior refers to voluntary actions intended to benefit others, such as sharing, helping, or comforting. Lida's offer to share her lunch is an example of prosocial behavior.

Question 18

According to __________,moral reasoning needs to be considered in the context in which judgments are being made at a given time.

Accepted Answer

The social domain approach emphasizes that moral reasoning is context-dependent, considering the social and cultural context in which judgments are made.

Question 19

Children tend to act less aggressively as they mature and develop __________.

Accepted Answer

Emotional self-regulation is the ability to manage and respond to emotional experiences in a socially acceptable way, which helps reduce aggressive behavior as children mature.

Question 20

Kohlberg's theory has proven problematic in explaining __________.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's theory has been criticized for not adequately addressing the moral development of girls, as it was primarily based on studies of boys and may not fully capture the nuances of female moral reasoning.

Quiz 11: Moral Development and Aggression