Question 1

Alzheimer disease:

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by neuritic plaques, loss of cholinergic cells in the basal forebrain, and can be definitively diagnosed only at autopsy.

Question 2

Sherry and colleagues have found that given the size of a bird, the hippocampal formation of birds that cache food for the winter is _____ one would expect.

Accepted Answer

Birds that cache food for the winter have a hippocampal formation that is more than twice as large as expected for their size, which is associated with their need for spatial memory to retrieve stored food.

Question 3

Loss of cholinergic cells in the basal forebrain and development of neuritic plaques in the cerebral cortex are associated with:

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the loss of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain and the presence of neuritic plaques in the cerebral cortex.

Question 4

Monkeys with perirhinal lesions are impaired at _____, and monkeys with hippocampal lesions are impaired at _____.

Accepted Answer

Monkeys with perirhinal lesions struggle with visual recognition tasks due to the role of the perirhinal cortex in object recognition. Monkeys with hippocampal lesions have difficulties with object position tasks because the hippocampus is crucial for spatial memory and navigation.

Question 5

The _____ receives input from the ventral visual stream and plays a role in object memory.

Accepted Answer

The perirhinal cortex receives input from the ventral visual stream and is involved in object recognition and memory.

Question 6

Recent research has suggested that Alzheimer disease may be due to:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recent research has suggested that Alzheimer disease...

Question 7

If a monkey has to remember the position of a light for a delay period after the light goes out, neurons in the _____ fire to help the monkey retain a memory trace.

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is involved in working memory and is responsible for retaining information over short periods, such as remembering the position of a light during a delay.

Question 8

Maguire and colleagues found that London taxi drivers had _____ than control subjects did.

Accepted Answer

Maguire and colleagues found that London taxi drivers had a larger posterior hippocampus compared to control subjects, which is associated with their extensive navigation experience.

Question 9

Neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are often found in patients with:

Accepted Answer

Neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are characteristic features of Alzheimer's disease, associated with the degeneration of neurons in the brain.

Question 10

_____ cells, in the _____, fire in many locations in the environment, helping to establish a spatial coordinate system.

Accepted Answer

Grid cells, located in the entorhinal cortex, are known to fire in a grid-like pattern across different locations in an environment, contributing to the brain's spatial navigation system.

Question 11

The three cortical regions, in addition to the hippocampus and amygdala, that take part in explicit memory are the:

Accepted Answer

The entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices are the three cortical regions that, in addition to the hippocampus and amygdala, take part in explicit memory.

Question 12

Which of the following areas first shows cell death in Alzheimer disease?

Accepted Answer

The entorhinal cortex is one of the first regions to show cell death in Alzheimer's disease, as it is crucial for memory and navigation and is affected early in the disease process.

Question 13

Which of the following areas is most likely to play a role in visual object memory?

Accepted Answer

The perirhinal region is involved in the processing and recognition of visual objects and is crucial for visual object memory.

Question 14

Which of the following types of cells are NOT found in the hippocampus or entorhinal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Orientation cells are not typically associated with the hippocampus or entorhinal cortex; they are more related to visual processing areas.

Question 15

Which of the following areas is most likely involved in visuospatial memory?

Accepted Answer

The parahippocampal region is associated with processing spatial and contextual information, which is crucial for visuospatial memory.

Question 16

Shown a series of photographs in a specific order, patients with _____ damage would not be able to remember the photographs or their order, and patients with _____ damage would remember the photographs but not their order.

Accepted Answer

Patients with medial temporal lobe damage typically have difficulty forming new memories, affecting their ability to remember the photographs. Patients with frontal lobe damage may remember the photographs but struggle with the order due to impaired executive function and sequencing abilities.

Question 17

In recent studies, the hippocampus has been implicated in:

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is primarily associated with memory for places, as it plays a crucial role in spatial navigation and memory formation related to the environment.

Question 18

The frontal lobe appears to participate in:

Accepted Answer

The frontal lobe is involved in higher cognitive functions, including the organization and sequencing of events, which relates to memory for the temporal order of events.

Question 19

The _____ is the final stop in a major pathway leading from the cortex to the hippocampus.

Accepted Answer

The entorhinal cortex is the final stop in the pathway from the cortex to the hippocampus, playing a crucial role in memory and navigation.

Question 20

_____ cells, in the _____, fire when an animal is in a specific location.

Accepted Answer

Place cells are neurons in the hippocampus that become active when an animal is in or is thinking about a specific location in its environment.

Quiz 14: How Do We Learn and Remember