Question 1

Preschool children learn and apply syntax rules.The grammatical error we observe in the question "When we are going outside?" is an example of difficulty with mastering

Accepted Answer

The grammatical error in the question ("When we are going outside?") is a violation of the auxiliary-inversion rule, which preschool children are typically still learning to master. This rule requires that the auxiliary verb ("are") come before the subject ("we") in a question.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about language development is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that infants understand words before they are able to produce them. Infants begin to understand language and recognize familiar words as early as six months old, while their first spoken words typically come around their first birthday. Additionally, studies have found that infants produce more nouns than verbs in their first words, but this is not true across all languages in the world. Finally, infants use nonverbal communication such as pointing and gesturing before they begin to produce words.

Question 3

According to Berninger,children who enter elementary school with a small vocabulary are at risk for developing

Accepted Answer

According to Berninger, children with a small vocabulary are at risk for developing reading problems.

Question 4

What is the function of early vocalization (crying,cooing,and babbling)for infants?

Accepted Answer

Early vocalization serves multiple functions for infants. Crying is a way for infants to communicate discomfort, hunger, and other needs to their caregivers. Cooing and babbling are ways for infants to practice making sounds and developing language skills. These vocalizations can also attract attention from caregivers, which can help ensure that the infant's needs are being met.

Question 5

According to Kuhl's research,at birth,infants are "citizens of the world," able to recognize sounds regardless of the syllables' language.At what age do infants get better at perceiving the changes in sounds in their own language?

Accepted Answer

Kuhl's research suggests that infants at birth are able to recognize sounds regardless of the syllables' language. However, by 6-12 months, infants become more adept at perceiving the changes in sounds in their own language, indicating that they have begun to focus on the language to which they are most frequently exposed.

Question 6

A pragmatic characteristic of a 4-year-old is that they

Accepted Answer

A pragmatic characteristic of a 4-year-old is that they change their speech style to accommodate the listener. This means that they may use simplified language when speaking to younger children or adjust their language to be more formal when speaking to adults. They are beginning to understand the social norms and expectations of communication in different situations.

Question 7

Telegraphic speech is characterized by

Accepted Answer

Telegraphic speech is defined as the use of short, simple sentences, often missing grammatical markers such as articles (a, an, the), auxiliary verbs (is, am, are), and other function words. It typically includes short, precise words that convey the necessary information without excess verbiage. While it may consist of two-word utterances or single-syllable words, these are not defining characteristics of telegraphic speech.

Question 8

Research on the ability of infants to understand words indicates that infants

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that infants can understand words well before they can produce them, starting to demonstrate this ability as early as 6 months of age.

Question 9

Children's ability to make an initial connection between a word and its referent after only a limited exposure to the word is called

Accepted Answer

The ability of children to quickly make an initial connection between a word and its referent after only a limited exposure to the word is referred to as fast mapping. Option A refers to the use of short, simplified phrases in early language development, option B refers to when a child uses a word to refer to a broader category than it actually represents, and option C refers to when a child uses a word to refer to a narrower category than it actually represents.

Question 10

Anthony holds up his glass and says,"Milk gone." These types of utterances are referred to as

Accepted Answer

This is an example of telegraphic speech, where a child uses the minimum amount of words to convey a message. In this case, "Milk gone" means "My milk is finished" or "I have finished drinking my milk." Overextension and underextension refer to errors in the use of words. A vocabulary spurt is a sudden increase in the number of words a child knows and uses.

Question 11

Natalie has just turned 2 years old.About how many words are in her speaking vocabulary?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Natalie has just turned 2 years old.About...

Question 12

As children move beyond two-word utterances,they begin using plural and possessive nouns,appropriate verb endings,prepositions,articles,and various forms of the verb "to be." This is evidence that the children

Accepted Answer

Children's use of plural and possessive nouns, appropriate verb endings, prepositions, articles, and various forms of the verb "to be" indicates their knowledge and application of morphological rules.

Question 13

When a child struggles with speech and language development,the professional who provides therapeutic intervention is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A speech therapist is a professional who specializes in treating speech and language disorders. They work with children who may struggle with articulation, fluency, grammar, and vocabulary. Pediatricians may refer children to speech therapists for evaluation and treatment. An elocutionist typically focuses on accent reduction or coaching public speaking skills and may not have the specific training to address speech and language disorders. An English tutor may assist with language skills, but may not have the specialized training to address speech sound production and language development.

Question 14

Jenny is at the zoo with her family.She points to each animal and says "doggie." This illustrates

Accepted Answer

This behavior demonstrates overextension, which is when a child uses a word to refer to a broader range of objects than it actually represents. In this case, Jenny is using the word "doggie" to refer to all animals at the zoo, not just dogs.

Question 15

Berko's study demonstrated children's understanding of morphological rules.It is impressive to note that the children in the study

Accepted Answer

Berko's study found that children used morphological rules from words they had heard before and applied those rules to words they had never heard before, showing an understanding of the structure of language. Option B is incorrect as the study specifically looked at children's use and understanding of morphological rules. Option C is also incorrect as the study did not involve fictional words. Option D is partly correct as the children did draw on their past experiences with words, but more specifically, they applied morphological rules from those past experiences.

Question 16

Between 18 months and 6 years of age,young children learn about

Accepted Answer

The answer of Between 18 months and 6 years of...

Question 17

A child's first words mainly consist of

Accepted Answer

First words typically include terms for important people (like "mama" or "dada"), familiar animals (like "dog" or "cat"), vehicles (like "car"), food items (like "milk" or "juice"), parts of the body (like "nose" or "eye"), and common greeting terms (like "hi" or "bye"). These categories cover the immediate and tangible aspects of a child's environment, making them among the first concepts a child learns to verbalize.

Question 18

At what age can Emily expect her child to say,"Get shoes"?

Accepted Answer

Children typically begin to combine words into simple sentences, like "Get shoes," between 18 to 24 months. This developmental milestone reflects their growing understanding of language and ability to express more complex ideas.

Question 19

Research about the ability of infants to distinguish human speech sounds indicates that

Accepted Answer

Research shows that infants start with the ability to distinguish between all human speech sounds, including those not in their native language. However, as they grow and are exposed more to their native language, they lose the ability to distinguish sounds not relevant to their native language by the end of the first year.

Question 20

A rapid increase in an infant's vocabulary that usually begins at around 18 is known as

Accepted Answer

A rapid increase in an infant's vocabulary that usually begins at around 18 months of age is known as a vocabulary spurt. This is a normal and important developmental milestone in language acquisition. Underextension and overextension are errors that young children make when learning language, while telegraphic speech is a type of language that is characterized by using only essential words and omitting articles and other grammatical markers.

Quiz 9: Language Development