Question 1

"Ground glass" is the classic radiographic description of ______________

Accepted Answer

Fibrous dysplasia is classically described as having a "ground glass" appearance on radiographs due to the presence of fibrous tissue and woven bone.

Question 2

Paget disease of bone:

Accepted Answer

Paget disease of bone may reveal a "cotton-wool" appearance on radiographs.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true of osteomalacia?

Accepted Answer

Osteomalacia in adults is often related to vitamin D deficiency, which can be due to malabsorption syndromes, leading to poor bone mineralization.

Question 4

Characteristics of monostatic fibrous dysplasia include that:

Accepted Answer

Monostatic fibrous dysplasia is characterized by the expansion of the bone, which can lead to malocclusion, tipping, or displacement of adjacent teeth.

Question 5

When osteomalacia occurs in young children, it is usually caused by a nutritional deficiency in vitamin __.

Accepted Answer

Osteomalacia in young children is usually caused by a deficiency in vitamin D, which is essential for bone growth and development. Vitamin A, E, and K deficiencies may also cause bone problems, but they are less common causes of osteomalacia in children.

Question 6

Surgical treatment would most likely be recommended for a patient with:

Accepted Answer

Fibrous dysplasia often requires surgical intervention to correct deformities or alleviate symptoms, whereas cemento-osseous dysplasias are typically managed conservatively unless complications arise.

Question 7

Which of the following types of lesions typically arises in the posterior mandible and appears as an isolated, well-delineated radiolucent to radiopaque lesion that is less than 1.5 cm. in size?

Accepted Answer

Focal cemento-osseous dysplasia typically arises in the posterior mandible, appears as an isolated, well-delineated radiolucent to radiopaque lesion, and is usually less than 1.5 cm in size.

Question 8

Laboratory evaluation reveals that the serum __________________ level is significantly elevated in active Paget disease.

Accepted Answer

Alkaline phosphatase is a bone-specific enzyme that is elevated in patients with active Paget disease. In particular, the serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase level is used to monitor disease activity and response to treatment. Platelet, hematocrit, and leukocyte levels are not directly related to Paget disease.

Question 9

__________________ fibrous dysplasia is characterized by endocrine abnormalities, including precocious puberty in females and stunting or deformity of skeletal growth in both sexes as a result of early epiphyseal plate closure.

Accepted Answer

The endocrine abnormalities described in the question are characteristic of Albright syndrome, a type of fibrous dysplasia that also includes skin pigmentation and other physical features. Choice A (craniofacial) refers to fibrous dysplasia that affects the bones of the face and skull. Choice B (Jaffe-Lichtenstein type) is another name for polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, which affects multiple bones. Choice D (monostotic) refers to fibrous dysplasia that affects only one bone.

Question 10

One of the most widely accepted theories for the unusual fibrous proliferation seen with fibrous dysplasia is that it is the result of abnormal:

Accepted Answer

Fibrous dysplasia involves abnormal proliferation of mesenchymal cells, which give rise to fibrous tissue deposition and bone formation. This ultimately leads to the characteristic appearance of the affected bones on imaging studies. Other factors, such as genetics and hormonal imbalances, may also play a role in the development of fibrous dysplasia.

Question 11

Café au lait skin macules are associated with:

Accepted Answer

Café au lait skin macules are most commonly associated with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, a genetic disorder that leads to the development of abnormal bone tissue. Monostotic fibrous dysplasia, Paget disease of bone, and osteomalacia are not typically associated with café au lait skin macules.

Question 12

Mosaic bone may be observed in a patient with Paget disease as a result of:

Accepted Answer

Mosaic bone refers to the patchy appearance of bone seen on radiographs in Paget disease. This pattern is caused by the alternating areas of increased resorption and deposition of bone due to the overactivity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, respectively. The prominent reversal lines seen in Paget disease are indicative of this process and contribute to the mosaic appearance.

Question 13

Fibrous dysplasia is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Fibrous dysplasia is a benign bone disorder characterized by the replacement of normal bone with abnormal fibrous connective tissue containing varying amounts of calcification. This results in weakened and deformed bones. The condition can affect one bone (monostotic type) or multiple bones (polyostotic type) and can occur sporadically or as part of a genetic disorder called McCune-Albright syndrome.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true of periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia?

Accepted Answer

Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia is a benign condition that affects the periapical region of the teeth, typically in the anterior mandible. It is not a neoplasm, and the teeth in the affected area are usually vital. The lesions are typically asymptomatic, and as they mature, they become more radiopaque due to increased calcification.

Quiz 8: Nonneoplastic Diseases of Bone