Question 1

Your close friend has recently found out that she is pregnant. What can she do to reduce the risk of developmental disability in her child?

Accepted Answer

Limiting caffeine intake is recommended during pregnancy to reduce the risk of developmental issues, while high stress and vigorous exercise can be harmful.

Question 2

The developmental disorder of Down syndrome is predominantly caused by

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome is predominantly caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, a condition known as trisomy 21.

Question 3

Individuals with autism tend to have a ____ corpus callosum and fewer ____ cells, which relate to behavioral inhibition.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with autism often have a smaller corpus callosum and fewer Purkinje cells, which are associated with behavioral inhibition.

Question 4

Gross malformations that are directly involved with brain development problems are typically categorized as

Accepted Answer

Induction defects and migration defects are categories of malformations directly involved with brain development problems, affecting the formation and positioning of neurons.

Question 5

When family variables, such as poor language stimulation, neglect of a child's educational needs, or inconsistent parenting lead to mild forms of intellectual disability, a child may be diagnosed with

Accepted Answer

Cultural-familial intellectual disability refers to intellectual disabilities that arise from environmental factors such as inadequate language stimulation, neglect, or inconsistent parenting, rather than biological or genetic causes.

Question 6

Which statement about genetics and development disorders is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

While autism has a genetic component, the statement that parents of children with autism are not more likely than the general population to have autism themselves is the most accurate among the given options.

Question 7

Diseases, such as meningitis, may result in

Accepted Answer

Meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, which can lead to neurological damage.

Question 8

Enlargement of the overall brain, especially with respect to the mid-sagittal area, ventricles, limbic system, amygdala, and occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes, is associated with

Accepted Answer

Enlargement of these brain areas is commonly associated with autism, which involves atypical brain development and connectivity.

Question 9

Nervous system changes that are due to problems in the closure of the neural tube, proper development of the forebrain, and completion of the corpus callosum are referred to as

Accepted Answer

Induction defects refer to problems that occur during the early stages of neural development, such as the closure of the neural tube, the development of the forebrain, and the formation of the corpus callosum.

Question 10

Problems in cell growth and distribution in the second to fifth month of pregnancy, which can lead to underdeveloped brain areas, are called

Accepted Answer

Migration defects refer to issues in the movement and placement of neurons during brain development, which can lead to underdeveloped brain areas.

Question 11

Andi's parents are very poor, and neither has particularly high intelligence. School is not very important to them, and they do not ever bother to read to Andi. Their parenting styles are quite inconsistent, and Andi really never knows when she can count on them. Andi has recently been diagnosed with intellectual disability, and her home environment is seen as a likely culprit behind her deficits. Andi is most likely to be diagnosed with

Accepted Answer

Cultural-familial intellectual disability is often associated with environmental factors such as poverty, lack of educational opportunities, and inconsistent parenting, which align with Andi's situation.

Question 12

Individuals, especially African Americans, who experience damaged red blood cells, slow blood movement, and less oxygenation to the body may be diagnosed with

Accepted Answer

Sickle-cell disease is a genetic disorder that affects red blood cells, causing them to become misshapen and leading to slow blood movement and reduced oxygenation, particularly prevalent among African Americans.

Question 13

Chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis are used for ____ genetic testing.

Accepted Answer

Chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis are procedures used to test for genetic conditions in a fetus during pregnancy, making them prenatal tests.

Question 14

Which model presumes that biological factors interact in different ways for children with different disorders?

Accepted Answer

The "final common pathway" model suggests that various biological factors can interact differently depending on the specific disorder, leading to a common outcome or symptom.

Question 15

A lack of oxygen during birth is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Hypoxia is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply. It can occur during birth if the baby's umbilical cord is compressed or if the mother has a low oxygen level.

Question 16

Agents, substances, or exposures that can harm a prenatal or perinatal individual's health are collectively referred to as

Accepted Answer

Teratogens are agents or factors that cause malformation of an embryo or fetus, affecting prenatal development.

Question 17

Tay-Sachs disease, which produces severe motor and sensory disabilities, intellectual disability, and death at age 2 to 4 years, is found especially in

Accepted Answer

Tay-Sachs disease is particularly prevalent among Ashkenazi Jews due to a higher carrier rate in this population.

Question 18

Key to reducing instances of developmental disorder due to head and brain injury is

Accepted Answer

Preventing accidents and falls is crucial in reducing head and brain injuries, which can lead to developmental disorders.

Question 19

Children who have a small head size, facial and heart defects, lower intelligence, problems in learning, memory, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and communication and social skills may have been prenatally exposed to

Accepted Answer

Prenatal exposure to alcohol can lead to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD), which include symptoms such as small head size, facial and heart defects, lower intelligence, and problems with learning, memory, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and communication and social skills.

Question 20

It is especially important for the health of the fetus that women ____ during pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

Folic acid is crucial during pregnancy as it helps prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus.

Quiz 13: Developmental and Disruptive Behavior Disorders