Question 1

Which of the following is true of adolescents?

Accepted Answer

The concept of the imaginary audience refers to the belief held by adolescents that they are constantly being watched by others and judged for their behavior. This belief can contribute to their desire for privacy and can make them feel self-conscious. The other options are not true of adolescents. They are often highly self-conscious and may not fully understand their place in social situations. Additionally, their moral judgments may be based on principles of fairness and justice, rather than solely on maintaining the social order.

Question 2

According to psychologist Erik Erikson, late adulthood is the stage of _____.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's eighth and final stage of psychosocial development is ego integrity versus despair, which occurs in late adulthood. In this stage, individuals reflect on their lives and achievements, and may experience a sense of integrity and acceptance or despair and regret.

Question 3

Which of the following is a feature of the germinal stage of prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

The germinal stage of prenatal development occurs during the first two weeks following conception. During this stage, the zygote undergoes repeated cell division as it travels from the fallopian tubes to the uterus for implantation. This stage ends once implantation occurs. The major organs and systems do not begin to form until the embryonic stage, which begins at week three. The mother does not generally feel fetal movements until the fetal stage, which begins around week nine.

Question 4

Sam is a fifteen-year-old boy. He does not have any clue about what he wants to take up as a career. Moreover, in the past two years, he has taken up more than five hobbies. According to Erik Erikson, Sam is__________.

Accepted Answer

Sam is experiencing role diffusion, which is a stage in Erikson's psychosocial development theory where an adolescent is confused and doesn't have a sense of direction or purpose. This is evident by Sam not knowing what career to pursue and taking up multiple hobbies without committing to any. Artificialism refers to a child's belief that human beings create everything in the world. Egocentrism is the inability of children to see things from someone else's perspective. Role integration is when a person can combine different aspects of their life, such as work and family, into a cohesive and meaningful identity.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true of the hearing capability of newborns?

Accepted Answer

Newborns are capable of hearing well when they are born. In fact, they are able to recognize their mother's voice and can distinguish between different sounds and pitches at birth.

Question 6

In the context of adolescence, the _____ underlies showing off and risk taking.

Accepted Answer

The personal fable is a cognitive distortion that is commonly seen during adolescence. It is the belief that one is unique and invincible, leading to showing off and risk taking behaviors. The other options are not as relevant to this specific context.

Question 7

The__________is a part of the limbic system involved in discriminating emotions, including fear.

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is a specific part of the limbic system involved in processing and discriminating emotions, including fear. The endometrium is part of the uterus, the hippocampus is involved in memory processing, and the foramen magnum is a hole in the skull through which the spinal cord passes.

Question 8

The cessation of menstruation is called _____.

Accepted Answer

The cessation (or end) of menstruation is called menopause. Menarche refers to a girl's first menstrual period. Ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary. Andropause is a decrease in testosterone levels that occurs in men as they age.

Question 9

__________is best described as the mental flexibility shown in learning rapidly to solve new kinds of problems.

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence is the capacity to think logically and solve problems in novel situations, independent of acquired knowledge. It involves the ability to identify patterns, logic in sequences, and solve problems by applying reasoning skills and has little to do with the knowledge one has learned previously.

Question 10

Mariana, a 14-year-old girl, is dating a 19-year-old boy. Her parents disapprove of this behavior and forbid her from meeting the boy. Marina fights with her parents because of this as she believes that she loves him. She also believes that she is unique and is destined to get married to the love of her life at an early age. This scenario best represents the concept of the _____.

Accepted Answer

The scenario best represents the concept of the personal fable, which is characterized by an adolescent's belief that their experiences and feelings are unique and that they are invincible or protected from harm. Mariana believes that she is in love with the 19-year-old boy and that their love is special and unique, which is a common belief among adolescents experiencing the personal fable.

Question 11

Which of the following is a feature of Erikson's trust versus mistrust stage of psychosocial development in children?

Accepted Answer

The trust versus mistrust stage occurs from birth to 18 months, during which infants rely heavily on their primary caregivers for food, warmth, and affection. A sense of trust is formed when their needs are met consistently, while mistrust arises when their needs are not met adequately. As a result, infants in this stage are dependent on their caregivers for their basic needs. The other options are not relevant to this stage.

Question 12

Which of the following hormones regulates the menstrual cycle in women?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen is the primary hormone that regulates the menstrual cycle in women. It is responsible for thickening the lining of the uterus and triggering ovulation. Testosterone is a male hormone that plays a role in female reproductive health, but it is not directly involved in regulating the menstrual cycle. Somatostatin is a hormone that regulates the release of growth hormone and insulin, and Thrombopoietin is a hormone that stimulates the production of platelets.

Question 13

__________are parents who generally leave their children to themselves.

Accepted Answer

Uninvolved parents are often neglectful and fail to provide adequate emotional support, guidance, and attention to their children. They are not involved in their children's lives and often dismiss their needs and feelings. This parenting style can lead to negative outcomes such as low self-esteem, behavioral problems, and inability to form healthy relationships in their children.

Question 14

__________is the beginning of menstruation.

Accepted Answer

Menarche is the medical term for the beginning of menstruation. A) Oligomenorrhea refers to infrequent menstrual periods. B) Ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary, which typically occurs midway through the menstrual cycle. D) Menopause is the cessation of menstrual periods, typically occurring between the ages of 45-55 years.

Question 15

__________is the period during which the body becomes sexually mature.

Accepted Answer

Puberty is the period during which the body undergoes physical changes that allow for sexual reproduction. It usually occurs during adolescence and ends when the individual is fully sexually mature. Climacteric refers to the mid-life transition during which fertility declines in both men and women. Perimenopause and menopause refer specifically to the end of the female reproductive lifespan.

Question 16

According to Piaget, the sensorimotor stage of child development is dominated by:

Accepted Answer

Piaget believed that during the sensorimotor stage (which lasts from birth to about age two), infants learn to coordinate their sensory perceptions of the world with their motricity (their ability to move their bodies). In other words, infants develop an understanding of cause-and-effect relationships and learn to interact intentionally with their environment. This stage is characterized by the development of object permanence, the understanding that objects exist even when they cannot be seen or touched. Choice B refers to the preoperational stage, choice C to the concrete operational stage, and choice D is not related to any of Piaget's stages of development.

Question 17

Puberty heralds the onset of__________.

Accepted Answer

Puberty is a biological process that marks the transition from childhood to adolescence, characterized by significant physical, emotional, and psychological changes. While adulthood is a broader concept that includes the developmental stages beyond adolescence, emerging adulthood is a relatively new concept that describes the transitional period between adolescence and adulthood. Therefore, the best answer is C, adolescence.

Question 18

Erikson labeled the years of about__________the stage of industry versus inferiority

Accepted Answer

Erikson labeled the years of about 6 to 12 as the stage of industry versus inferiority, as children in this age group are focused on developing competence and productivity in their activities and tasks.

Question 19

Which of the following is a feature of a child's motor development?

Accepted Answer

A child's motor development is dependent on brain maturation. As the child's brain matures, it sends signals to the muscles, allowing the child to gain control of their body movements. This development follows a relatively predictable sequence but may vary slightly from child to child. Environmental factors, such as access to physical activity, can also play a role in a child's motor development. However, the primary factor is brain maturation.

Question 20

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, decentration in the concreate operational stage refers to children being able to:

Accepted Answer

Decentration in the concrete operational stage refers to the ability to focus on multiple dimensions of a problem at once, rather than being limited to one aspect of it. This allows children to overcome their previous egocentrism and take into account multiple perspectives and viewpoints. Option A refers to social and cultural adaptation, which is not related to decentration. Option B refers to repetitive behaviors and is not related to cognitive development. Option D refers to animism, which is characteristic of the preoperational stage and not the concrete operational stage.

Quiz 9: The Voyage Through the Life Span